History of Islamic Architecture

Lugares de interés (POIs) del Mapa

48: Medina, Al-Masjid al-Nabawi 7-20th cent

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Medina, Saudi Arabia
al-Masjid al-Nabawi. The Prophet's Mosque and Tomb
622 to the 20th cent
Architect Dar El Handasah

Photos copyright and Text see Archnet.org
The Mosque of the Prophet was built in 622 by the Muslim community after they reached the city of Yathrib, which would later be called al-Madina al-Muanwara. The mosque was situated next to the Prophet's house, and it consisted of a square enclosure of thirty by thirty-five meters, built with palm trunks and mud walls.
After the death of the Prophet, the mosque was enlarged to twice its size. In 707, by Umayyad Caliph al-Walid (705-715). Mamluk Sultans built the dome over the Prohets house and tomb and built and rebuilt the four minarets. The Ottomans (1517-1917) added and reconstucted the mosque until in the 20th cent the entire complex was remodeled and enlarged. - The mosque enclosure is one hundred times bigger than the first mosque built by the Prophet and can accommodate more than half a million worshippers.

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49: Mecca

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50: Mecca, Al-Masjid al-Haram - Great Mosque of al-Haram 1564-1572, 1955

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Mecca, Saudi Arabia
al-Masjid al-Haram Great Mosque of al-Haram
1564, 1571-2, modern expansion in 1955
Ottoman

View of the mosque from the east after the first Saudi expansion, showing the minarets with two balconies and the four monumental gates.

Photo from Archnet.org

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51: Sana'a 13th-18th cent

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Sana'a, Yemen

Sana'a is an architectural museum in its own right. Recently restored, its 13th-18th century buildings are unique.

Photo copyright and text see Archnet.org

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52: Sana'a Great Mosque - Jami al-Kabir 705-715

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Sana'a, Yemen
Great Mosque - Jami al-Kabir
705-715
Omayyad

According to early sources, Prophet Muhammad commanded the construction of this mosque, including its location and dimensions, sometime around 630. While the validity of this claim lacks evidence and certainty, the mosque remains one of the first architectural projects in Islam. Sometime between 705 and 715, the Umayyid Caliph al-Walid I, rebuilt a new and larger mosque at the site.
Isma`ili Queen Arwa ibn Ahmad (12th cent) initiated an upgrade and restoration of the mosque. Towards this end she rebuilt its eastern wing complete with a new beautifully sculpted ceiling.

Interior with pre-Islamic columns

Coffered wooden ceiling (12th cent)

Text and photos from Archnet.org

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53: Sana'a Imam Salah al-Din Mosque1390

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Sana'a, Yemen
Imam Salah al-Din Mosque
1390, minaret 16th cent

The Mosque contains tthe tomb of Imam Salah al-Din Muhammad. It dates to 1390. The mosque is well-known for its minaret. Constructed in the late 16th century by Ottoman governor Sinan Pasha.

Photo and text from Archnet.org

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54: Sana'a, Al-Bakiriyya Mosque 1597

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Sana'a, Yemen
Al-Bakiriyya Mosque
1597
Ottoman

The Mosque of al-Bakiriyya dates to 1597 during the first Ottoman rule of Yemen. It was built by the governor of Sana'a, Hasan Pasha, as a tribute to one of his friends who is buried next to the mosque. Nearby, off the public square in front of the citadel gate, Hasan Pasha also commissioned the Baths of al-Bakiriyya. This hammam served as the waqf to provide income to support the mosque. With its grand size and detailed carved ornamentation, al-Bakiriyya is a spectacular example of classical Ottoman architecture

Ornamented weight tower in the foreground with minaret behind to the right

Floor Plan showing the pendentives

Text and iImages from Archnet.org

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55: Qasr-ibn Warda 6th cent

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Qasr-ibn Warda
6th cent
Qasr ibn Wardan is a 6th century castle complex located in the Syrian desert. The complex - a palace, a church, and barracks - was built in the mid-sixth century by Emperor Justinian I as part of a defense line (together with Rasafa and Halabiyya) against the Persians. Its unique style, "imported" directly from Constantinople and not found anywhere else in present day Syria, was probably chosen to impress the local Beduins.

Photo by Forro Tibor from Panoramio

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56: Anjar 705-715

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Al Walid's Anjar Palace
705-715Rural pleasure palace of al-Walid I. A square walled complex resembling Roman-Byzantine army camps. Excavated 1957. A mosque, baths, service quarters, partly restored.

Photo by Gregory Zdaniuk from Panoramio

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57: Qasr al-Kharrana 710

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Quasr al-Kharrana
710
Omayyad

Lacking baths and a large water supply Qasr Kharana was not a pleasure castle. Its remote yet highly visible location, coupled with the layout and organization of the building, indicate that it was used as a protected place for the Damascus government to meet with tribal leaders.

Photo by ToniFarre from Panoramio

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58: al-Minya 710

Palace of al-Walid I's (710). Square castle with round towers in the corners, a Mihrab, the cupola partly preserved, rich ornaments, floor carpet-mosaics.
Exact location uncertain

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59: Qasr al-Amra 712 - 715

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Qasr al-Amra, Jordan
712-715
Charming, well-preserved small "red castle" built for Omayyad Caliph al-Walid Architecturally the large throne room resembles a 3-nave Byzantine church. Attached are warm- and hot-steam baths. extensive murals - in poor shape - depict Persian Shah Khosrau, the remperor of Byzantium, and other famous rulers of the world (Persian influences?), the colors of the murals remind of those preserved from Dura-Europos (Museum Damascus). The surprise in the nudity-hostile Islamic-Arabic world, are the bathing and pleasure scenes in lovely garden murals: The pleasures of Paradise on this Earth!

Text and photo from Wikipedia

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60: Qasr al-Hallabat and Sarakh Baths 709-750

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Qasr al-Hallabat and Sarakh Baths, Jordan
Omayyad Palace
709-750

Originally a Roman fortress constructed under Emperor Caracalla to protect its inhabitants from Bedouin tribes, this site dates to the second and 3rd century AD. It was one fort of many on the Roman highway, Via Nova Traiana, a route that connected Damascus to Aqaba by way of Petra and Amman. In 709 the Umayyad caliph Hisham ordered the Roman structures to be demolished in order to redevelop this military site and its neighboring territory to become one of the grandest of all Umayyad desert complexes.
Approximately 1400 meters east of the palace stand the remains of the mosque at Qusayr al-Hallabat constructed of layered limestone.
The bath located approximately two kilometers east of the main site is known as Hammam as-Sarakh and consists of a rectangular audience hall, and a bath. It is reminiscent of Qsar 'Amra in plan.

Text and photo from Archnet.org

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61: Kirbat al-Mafdjar 724

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Kirbat al-Mafdjar 724
Hunting and pleasure castle of Caliph Hisham (724-43) younger brother of al-Walid I. Most magnificent of Walid's castles. Heated baths (30x30 m!), caldarium with large mosaic floor, aqueduct, remnants of a minaret, palace mosque, great hall for audiences, fountain house with rich ornamentation. The most precious finds are in the Museum in Jerusalem.

Photo by jsahouri frrom Panoramio

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62: Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi 724-743

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Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi
724-743
Pleasure castle of Caliph Hisham. Ruins, the finds including a reconconstructed entry gate are in the National Museum of Damascus.

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Photo by saleemhaijjar from Panoramio

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63: Qasr al Hayr ash Sharqi 740

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Qasr al Hayr ash Sharqi
Impressive ruins of a pleasure castle of Calif Hisham (7724-43).

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Photo by saleemhaijjar from Panoramio

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64: Qasr al-Mshatta 743-734

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Qasr al-Mshatta, Jordan
743-734
As one of the largest and most impressive of the Umayyad palaces, the unfinished, tawny-toned limestone and brick complex at Qasr al-Mshatta includes an entrance hall, mosque, an audience hall, and residential quarters. Commissioned by the Umayyad caliph al-Walid II. Construction concluded in 744 when he was assassinated. "Winter Camp" is a large square "castrum" of 144x144 m wall length.

Photo and text from Archnet.org

The most beautiful feature of Mshatta, however, remains in the rich and intricately carved features on its southern exterior, a significant section of which was given to Kaiser Wilhelm as a gift from the Ottoman sultan 'Abd al-Hamid just before World War I . These reconstructed ornamental sculptures from the gates are the piece-de-resistance of the Islamic Museum in Berlin:

Mschatta-Fassade_(Pergamonmuseum).jpg

Photo from Wikipedia

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65: al-Azraq 8th cent

Al Azraq large desert castle, not a pleasure palace!

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66: Jerusalem Dome of the Rock 687-691

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The Dome of the Rock, Masjid Qubbat As-Sakhrah
687 - 691

The Dome was built between 687 and 691 by the 9th Caliph, Abd al-Malik, making it the oldest extant Islamic building in the world. It is in the shape of a Byzantine martyrium, a structure intended for the housing and veneration of saintly relics and is an excellent example of middle Byzantine art. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (1520 - 1566) the exterior of the Dome of the Rock was covered with Iznik tiles. The work took seven years.
The rock in the center of the dome is the spot from which, according to Islamic tradition, Muhammad ascended for a night-long journey to Heaven in AD 621, accompanied by the angel Gabriel.
In 1955-1964 an extensive program of renovation was begun by the government of Jordan, with funds supplied by the Arab governments and Turkey. The work included replacement of large numbers of the Iznik tiles. In 1960, as part of this restoration, the dome was covered with a durable aluminium and bronze alloy made in Italy.

Photo from Wikipedia

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67: Damascus Omayyad Mosque 706-715

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Damascus
The Great Omayyad Mosque
706-715

During Roman times the site was a temple of Jupiter which was in the Byzantine era converted into a Christian church dedicated to John the Baptist. The Muslim conquest of Damascus in 636 did not affect the church, as the site was shared by Muslim and Christian worshippers. The Umayyad caliph Al-Walid I purchased the site and demolished the church. He built the present mosque between 706 and 715 with the help of 200 skilled Byzantine workers: e.g., the mosaics in the overlong (136 x 37 m) prayer hall. Most of this interior decoration was lost in a great fire in 1893. The mosaics on the outside are of recent date.
The building is a simple solution for the Islamic need for a space in which all could face Mekka and see the quibbla. It has been copied in a number of places (e.g. the Great Mosque of Diyarbakir, Turkey). Another early scheme to achieve the same goal is the Mesquita in Cordoba, Spain.

Interior

Photo kaizergallery.com

Floor plan from Archnet.org

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68: Cordoba Mesquita 785-987

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Cordoba Mesquita
The Great Mosque of Cordoba 785-987
The construction of the Mesquita (originally the Aljama Mosque) took over two centuries, starting in 784 A.D. under the supervision of the first Emir Abd ar-Rahman I, who built it as an adjunct to his palace - and named it to honor his wife - on the site of the Visigothic cathedral of St. Vincent. The mosque underwent numerous subsequent changes: Abd ar-Rahman III built a new minaret, while Al-Hakem II, in 961, enlarged the plan of the building and enriched the mihrab. The last changes were carried out by Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Amir in 987.

Photo by Jorgen K H Knudsen Panoramio

In 1236 Cordoba was "liberated" by King Ferdinand III of Castile. The Mesquita was reconsecrated as a Christian church. Alfonso X oversaw the construction of the Villaviciosa Chapel and the Royal Chapel within the structure of the mosque. The most significant alteration was the construction of a Renaissance cathedral in the middle of the structure by Charles V (1530s). Still this reversion to a Christian church (officially the "Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin") may have preserved the Mesquita. Charles V is known to have greatly admired the Mesquita.
The Mesquita is one of the most beautiful sacred spaces in the world, and Charles V's insertion of an entire cathedral only underscores the peace and quiet of the Islamic architecture.

Photos and plan Alfred Renz, op. cit.

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69: Cordoba Medina Azahara 936-948

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Medina Azahara (Medinat al-Zahara)
936-948
The ruins of al-Zahara were discovered in 1911. Only about 10 percent has been excavated and restored. The city flourished for approximately 80 years. Built by Abd ar-Rahman III the Caliph of CÃ?Â³rdoba starting between 936 and 940. The largest known city built from scratch in Western Europe. Madinat al-Zahra was destroyed in 1010 during the civil war that led to the dissolution of the Caliphate of Cordoba. Abd al-Rahman III moved his entire court to Medina Azahara in 947-48. - Popular legend holds that the Caliph named al-Zahra, or Azahara, after his favorite concubine.

Photo and text colgate.edu

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70: Kairouan, Great Mosque 724-728

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Kaiouran, Tunisia
Great Mosque
724-728

Photo from Wikipedia < BR>

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71: Sousse, Ribat 796

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Sousse, Tunisia
Ribat (Castle)
796

Photo from Girksoloinaerabia

Wall enclosure and gate

Photo from thais.com

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72: Sousse, Great Mosque 9-10th cent

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Sousse, Tunisia
Great Mosque
9-10th cent

Photo Kirikou.com

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73: Algiers Great Mosque 1096

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Algiers, Algeria
Great Mosque
1096
Hammadid

Photo wbphotos.com

The floorplan is reminicent of the Mesquita in Cordova

Plan from Archnet.org

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74: Sfax, Grand Mosque 10th cent

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Sfax, Tunisia
Grand Mosque
10th cent

Photo from i-cias.com/tunisia

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75: Samarra, al-Muttawikil 847-892

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Samarra, Iraq
al-Muttawikil
847-892
Abbasid

Al-Mutawakkil commissioned the construction of the Great Mosque of Samarra upon his succession to the Abbasid caliphate in the mid-ninth century. While the outer wall still stands, little remains of the interior of the mosque today.
The main remaining curiosity is the Minaret al-Malwiya, approximately 55 meters high. Although round in shape, this minaret is influenced by a specific type of Mesopotamian ziggurat, square-planned and featuring stairs or an incline on the exterior of its faÃ?Â§ade while rotating several times until reaching the crown.

Photo and text Archnet.org

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76: Damghan, Masjid-i Tarik Khana 750-789

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Damghan, Iran
Masjid-i Tarik Khana
750-789
Abbasid

The oldest extant mosque in Iran, the Tarik Khana, or 'House of God' incorporates a simple Arab plan with Sassanian construction techniques. An arcade lines the central courtyard, a single bay deep on all but the qibla side where it increases to 3 bays. The central aisle on the qibla arcade is wider and taller than the others, a form that presciently indicates the later ubiquitous monumental axis of Persian architecture. The arcades, recalling Sassanian precedents, are formed of fired brick arches, elliptical and sometimes slightly pointed, and massive circular brick piers.
Photos and Text Archnet.org

Interior

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77: Ktesiphon Taq-i-Kisra 7-8th cent?

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Ktesiphon, Iraq
Taq-i-Kisra
7-8th cent?

Phtoto Livius.org

Seleukia-Ktesiphon consisted of two cities, Seleukia on the left and Ktesiphon on the right side of the Tigris. It was the residence of the Parthian and the Sassanidian kings. Together the two cities had a population of 500 000. With the foundation of Baghdad in the 8th cent AD the city lost its importance.
The last remains of Ktesiphon is the great arch of Taq-i-Kisra ("Arch of Chosrau") (Sassanid, 7-8th cent?). The technology of erecting large arches over square or rectangular bases seems to have come with the Parthians from Khorassan. The Romans only knew how to erect copulas on circular tambours. The "Iranian" cupola using spherical Pendentives reached Byzantium in the 6th cent (Aghia Sofia) and Western Europe only in the Renaissance (Brunelleschi's dome in Florence). See also Bukhara.

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78: Cairo, Ibn Tulun Mosque 870-879

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Cairo
Ibn Tulun Mosque
870-879
Tulunid

This mosque built for Ahmad ibn Tulun, is a rare and unique architectural expression of the cultural influence of al-Andalus and Samarra's al-Muttawikil (847-892), Ibn Tulun's home. The minaret is, obviously a Cairene copy of al-Muttawikil, but the mosque is built entirely of well-fired red brick faced in carved stucco; it has ziyadas and a roof supported by arcades on piers. Andalusian influence, which came with refugees from Spain, is manifested in the use of double-arched, horseshoe windows.

View of the large complex.

All Photos and text from Archnet.org

The spiral minaret

Andalusian horese-shoe door. Entry to minaret.

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79: Cairo Al Azhar Complex 970-972

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Cairo, Egypt
Al Azhar Mosque
970-972
Fatimid<
First Fatimid mosque in Cairo. The Mosque was founded by Jawhar al-Siqilly, the Fatimid conqueror of Egypt, in 970 as the congregational mosque for the new city of al-Qahira. The first khutba was delivered from its minbar in 972. A university was established there in 988, one of the oldest universities and to this day the most influential Islamic school in the world.
The courtyard was originally enclosed with three arcades. Caliph al-Hafiz (1138) added an arcade around all four sides of the courtyard, displaying keel-shaped arches, roundels, and keel-arched niches.
Text from Archnet.org

Photo from islamicarchitecture.org

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80: Cairo, Mosque of Caliph al-Hakim bin Amr Allah 990-1004

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Cairo, Egypt
Mosque of Caliph al-Hakim bin Amr Allah
990 - 1004
Fatimid

the Mosque of al Hakim was begun by the Fatimid Caliph al-'Aziz in 990 and finished by his son al-Hakim bin-Amr Allah and his overseer Abu Muhammad al-Hafiz 'Abd al-Ghani ibn Sa'id al-Misri in 1013.
Text, plan, and photo from Archnet.org

Isometric view

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81: Bukhara Samanid Mausoleum 914

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bukhara
Samanid Mausoleum
914

The Samanid Mausoleum in Bukhara, built by Nasr ibn Ismail (914) square canopy tomb is the earliest Islamic monument in Central Asia. It exhibits especially the unique architectural solution of the support of the dome, which differs from Westen examples.
The technology of erecting large parabolic arches or domes over square or rectangular bases seems to have come with the Parthians from Khorassan. The Romans only knew how to erect copulas on circular tambours. The "Iranian" cupola using spherical Pendentives reached Byzantium in the 6th cent (Aghia Sofia) and Western Europe only in the Renaissance

Photos from http://ocw.mit.edu

The unique eastern squinch (Pendentive) in the support of the dome on a square base.

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82: Balkh No-Gumbad Mosque 925

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Balkh, Afghanistan
No-Gumbad Mosque
925
Abbasid-Samanid

The Nine Domes Mosque (Masjid No Gumbad) 925, also known as Masjid-i-Hadji Piyada in Balkh. This exquisitely ornamented mosque is the earliest Islamic monument in Afghanistan. The mosque is in ruins, Its nine domes have collapsed.

The forest of stucco-covered columns, standing in 3 feet of rubble is still extant.

Photo and floor plan from Archnet.org

Floor plan

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83: Na'in Masjid-i-Jame 960

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Na'in, Esfahan, Iran
Masjid-e Jame
960
Buyid

Typical of pre-Seljuk mosques, the Masjid-i-Jame at Na'in exhibits a simple hypostyle plan, which has remained uncomplicated despite the additions and alterations of subsequent years. A courtyard is accessed through the arcades that are built from bays of irregular spacing and number. The courtyard faÃ?Â§ade probably dates to reconstruction work of the Seljuk period, although the most unusual feature - the angled piers flanking the central nave on the southwestern (qibla) side - is dated to the original period of construction.
The minaret represents an important transition from the early square form to the Iranian minarets of the 11th and 12th centuries. Maintaining the early square plan at the base, a tall tapering octagonal mid-section rises to a short cylindrical shaft.

The Masjid-e Jame at Na'in is renown for the extensive and masterful carved stucco of the mihrab and adjacent bays, including the oldest extant epigraphic friezes in Iran. Stylistically it bridges the stucco decoration of the Sasanian and Abbasid periods with that of the Seljuks.

Photos and text from Archnet.org

External view from the southeast including the mirab:

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Elaborate carved stucco decorations around the mirab

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84: Ardestan Masjid-i Jami 10-11th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Ardestan, Esfahan, Iran
Masjid-i Jami
10-11th cent
pre-Seldjuk to early Seldjuk transition
Il-Khan-Mongolic(?) influences and Safavid dome (1539)

The current form of the mosque, consisting of a four-iwan courtyard surrounded by arcades, represents the successive work of several building periods. The earliest elements suggest an original pre-Seljuk hypostyle mosque, into which early Seljuks inserted a dome chamber and adjacent iwan (dated 1158 and 1160 respectively).
Text and photos from Archnet.org

ArdestanMasjid-i Jami.jpg

Courtyard and arcades.

ArdestanMasjid-i JamiCourtyard.jpg

However, the arcades as they stand cannot be dated to the pre-Seljuk original, as they include domed and barrel vaults that display wide variety in brickwork, height, and shape, the supporting piers are also ranging in size and shape.

View of vaults in the oldest part of the complex (view through the arch to the southeast iwan)

ArdestanMasjid-i JamiInterior.jpg

The iwans and the dome other than that of the sanctuary appear to be either Safavid construction or reconstruction; an inscription in the northwest iwan cites restoration in 1539.
The earliest stucco fragments, found in the western corner of the courtyard, have been dated to the end of the tenth century. The interior of the dome chamber and iwan are extensively covered in plaster. The dome and zone of transition are articulated with simulated brickwork; the iwan vault is uniquely faced with a complex stucco design of interlacing arabesques. The mihrab exemplifies skilled stucco carving, and may represent Mongol restoration.

Detailed view of the stucco near the mihrab

ArdestanMasjid-i JamiStucco.jpg

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85: Damghan Chihil Dukhtaran Gunbad Tomb 1056

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Damghan, Iran
Chihil Dukhtaran Gunbad
1056
Seldjuk Tomb

Built in the year 1054-55, this monument is the second oldest remaining tomb structure from the time of Tughril Beg (1040-1063), the first Seljuk monarch.
Photo from Archnet.org

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86: Konya Alaeddin Mosque 1219-1238

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Konya, Anatolia
Alaeddin Mosque, 'Ala al-Din Kayqubad I Camii1150-1220,
Seldjuk

Evidence of an early building program dates from the time of Mesud I. An inscription dates the fine, ebony minbar to 1155; the minbar is the first dated example of Seljuq art in Anatolia. The polychrome ceramic frame of the mihrab and the dome above may date to this period.
Kaykaus I began a major rebuilding program in 1219. He changed the main entrance from the west to the north, opposite the mihrab. He added a monumental faÃ?Â§ade on the north side, overlooking the city and facing the Seljuq palace. A marble tomb was begun in the courtyard. KaykausÃ¢Â?Â? building was cut short by his death in the same year, only to be resumed thereafter by his brother and successor Kayqubad I.
With the exception of Izzeddin Keykavus, all of the Seljuk sultans after 1156 are interred in the complex.

Photo from Wikipedia

800px-KadirbabaMinyaturkAlaeddinMosqueKo

North facade. The white stone columns are reused from a Byzantine building.
Text and photos from Archnet.org

Interior: the peristile prayer hall.

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87: Konya Karatay Medresa 1251-1252

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Konya, Anatolia
Karatay Medresa
1251-1252
Seldjuk

Its portal displays alternating stones of light and dark, a sign of Syrian influence. A copy of the portal of the nearby Alaeddin Mosque. The entrance is through a somewhat truncated muqarnas niche, and leads in to a large room with a tiled iwan at one end. It is surmounted by a tiled dome open to the sky. Directly below the oculus is a pool for rain water . The transition from the square room to the round dome is accomplished by way of Turkish triangles intracately decorated in black, white, and turquoise tiles. Today the Madrasa serves as a tile museum. Text and photos from Archnet.org

The polychrome marble entry.

The tiled dome.The triangular penditives, known as Turkish triangles, are an architectural speciality of the Rum Seldjuks.
Photo Rolf Gross 1990

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88: Konya Ince Minareli Medrese 1260-1265

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Konya, Anatolia
Ince Minareli Medrese, Dar al-Hadith
1260-1265
Seldjuk

The Ince Minareli Madrasa takes its name from what was once its extremely tall minaret, currently reduced to only the lower portion. Much of the minaret collapsed in the early twentieth century. The lowermost portion of the minaret is square and built of stone, which gives way to a brick cylinder, which must have formed the bulk of its height. The brick was once covered in green tile.
However, the extraordinary feature of this medresa is its sculptural decorations.

Main Portal with folded inscription.

Photos from Archnet.org

Base of the minaret.

Más sobre Konya Ince Minareli Medrese 1260-1265

89: Konya Mevlana Tekke 1270s, 1512-1520

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Konya, Anatolia
The Mevlanan Tekke
1270s, 1512-1520
Seldjuk, Ottoman

The green-domed mausoleum of Sufi mystic and poet Jalal al-Din Mohammad al-Rumi (1207-1273, known as Rumi or Mevlana) is the heart of the convent in Konya that includes a mosque, ritual hall (semahane), dervish cells and kitchens in addition to numerous other tombs and cemeteries. The site, a royal rose garden to the east of the walled city, was a gift in 1228 from the Seljuk sultan to Mevlana's father, theologian Baha al-Din Walad of Balkh (d. 1231), who chose to settle in Konya after his long flight from the Mongol army then approaching his hometown.
The earthen graves of Mevlana and his father were soon after Rumi's death covered with a shrine, and a Tekke (takiyya) was built around the tombs to house the Mawlawi brotherhood.

The first tomb built over Mevlana's grave, a simple domed structure, was commissioned in 1274 by Gurcu Hatun, wife of Seljuk vizier Suleyman Pervane and built by Tabrizi architect Badr al-Din. In 1397, Karamanid ruler Ala' al-Din Ali Bey (1361-1398) replaced the dome with the sixteen-sided conical crown covered with green tiles. The shrine grew with additions and redecorations during the rule of Ottoman sultan Bayezid II (1481-1512). Between 1983 and 1987 the complex was extensively restored.

For a collection of 129 beautiful images see Archnet.org Photos of the Mevlana Museum to which I owe the following images - except the first.

First visit to Konya photo Rolf Gross, 1954. On the right the Selimiye Mosque.

Essentially the same view 1970. All following photos from Archnet.org

View from west showing lead-covered domes of the Dervish Tekke, with its chimneys. The green tiled Turbe of Rumi's shrine is seen behind.

Western wall of shrine facing the takiyya courtyard, with tomb of Sultan Velid seen in front.

The gilt sarcophagus of Mevlana and his son Sultan Veled.

Más sobre Konya Mevlana Tekke 1270s, 1512-1520

90: Konya Selimiye Camii 1558-1567

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Konya
Selimiye Camii
1558-1567
Ottoman

Built by Sultan SÃ?Â¼leyman I or by his son Selim II as prince.

Photo from Archnet.org

Más sobre Konya Selimiye Camii 1558-1567

91: Aksaray Ulu Camii 11th cent.

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Aksaray
Ulu Camii
11th cent
Seljuk

This is the rare case where Archnet.org lets me down. They should add a page for the Seljuk Ulu Camii. The following photos by Dick Osseman show that it is worth the architectural attention

28776145.1863AksarayUluGreatMosque310609

28776145.1863AksarayUluGreatMosque310609

28776142.1847AksarayUluGreatMosque309009

Photos fromDick Osseman, Aksary

Más sobre Aksaray Ulu Camii 11th cent.

92: Agizkara Han Caravansaray 13th-14th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Agizkara Han near Aksaray, Cappadocia
Caravansaray
13th-14th cent
Seldjuk

The religious compounds of Islam alaways contained buildings which seved social purposes: besides medrese, Islamic schools, there was usually a "hospital" primarily to care for the mentally ill - who spoke in tongues! - soup kitchens for the poor, and a caravanseray to accomodate travelers and their camels. The income form which helped support the kÃ¼lliye foundations. - Before the 14th cent Byzantine Orhodoxy had similar institutions in a few places.
The Seldjuks built a number of such Hane along the caravan routes in Turkey. One near Akseray is shown below..

Photos Archnet.org

Más sobre Agizkara Han Caravansaray 13th-14th cent

93: Sivas GÃ¶k Medrese !271

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Sivas, Anatolia
GÃ¶k Medrese
1271
Seljuk

The GÃ¶k Madrasa is one of three madrasas built in Sivas in 1271, the others being the Burujirdi Madrasa and the Ã?ifte Minare Madrasa. The construction was funded by Vizier Sahip Ata during the rule of Giyaseddin KeyhÃ¼srev III, and built in stone by the mason and architect Kaluyan el-Konevi (of Konya). The GÃ¶k Madrasa was originally part of a much larger building complex of which little remains. In plan, proportion, and decoration it is the most developed of all Seljuk madrasas.The portal is marble and ornately carved throughout with Seljuk motifs, inscriptions, and figural relief. The minarets are built of red brick with decoration in black and blue tile.

The richness of its Seljuk decorations on its outer walls:

35088787.0116SivasBlueMedrese.jpg

Text from Archnet.org, all photographs from Dick Osseman

Más sobre Sivas GÃ¶k Medrese !271

94: Sivas, Ã?ifte Minareli Medrese 1271

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Sivas, Turkey
Ã?ifte Minareli Medrese
1271
Il-Khanid - Seljuk
All that remains of the Ã?ifte (double) Minaret Madrasa in Sivas is the front faÃ§ade, with its monumental portal in limestone and marble topped by the twin polychrome brick minarets that give it its name. Built in 1271 by Ilkhanid Vizier Semseddin Cuveyni (Shams al-din Juwayni), it was once a madrasa with four iwans centered around a two-storey courtyard.
View of Ã?Â?ifte Minaret Madrasa (left) and Izzeddin Keykavus Hospital (right), with Kale Mosque in the background, looking north

Text and Photos Archnet.org

Más sobre Sivas, Ã?ifte Minareli Medrese 1271

95: Diyarbakir Ulu Camii 1091-1092

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Diyarbakir, Turkey
Ulu Cami
1091-1092
Architects Hibat Allah al Gurgani, Selame oglu Mehmet

The Great Mosque of Diyarbakir is the oldest and one of the most significant mosques in Anatolia. Following the Muslim capture of Diyarbakir in 639, a church in the city was used in part as a mosque. The church was eventually fully converted to a mosque, but the building fell into disuse and ruin. In 1091 Sultan Malik Shah directed the local Seljuk governor Maidud Davla to rebuild a mosque on the site. Completed in 1092, the mosque is similar to and heavily influenced by the Umayyad Great Mosque in Damascus (which was repaired by Malik Shah in the twelfth century prior to work in Diyarbakir). The influence of the Damascus mosque brought Syrian architecture and decoration to Anatolia.
included in the complex are the Mesudiye Medresesi (1193) and, not connected to the courtyard, the Zinciriye Medresesi (1189) .

The main prayer hall and minaret from the courtyard. The influence of the Damscus Omayyad Great Mosque is clearly visible.

Text and photo from Archnet.org

View of the western wing of the prayer hall.

Más sobre Diyarbakir Ulu Camii 1091-1092

96: Uc Kumbetler Three Tombs 1081-1102

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Erzurum
Uc Kumbetler
Three Mausolea
12th century
Saltukid-Seljuk

Two unidentified tombs, legend has it that the third is the mausoleum of Emir Saltuk Sultan, which woukld date it to the end of the 12th cent. Some scholars attribute the mix of Seljuk, Armenian, and Georgian styles of the masonry to the fourteenth century. The fusion of these styles makes this mausoleum unlike any other in Anatolia.

Photos and text from Archnet.org

Detail of a window in Emir Saltuk's Tomb remindful of contemporary 12th cent Armenian decorations, e.g. in Ani:

Más sobre Uc Kumbetler Three Tombs 1081-1102

97: Erzurum Ulu Camii 1179

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Erzurum
Ulu Cami - Great Mosque
Saltukid 1179
Architect: Abu'l-Fath Muhammed

The Great Mosque of Erzurum was commissioned by Saltuk Emir Nasrettin Aslan Mehmet in 1179. Substantial alterations took place in 1639, in 1839 by Sultan Mahmut II, in 1860, and the last in 1957-1964. These repairs have resulted in numerous modifications especially of the old dome. A portion of the central aisle and large sections of the qibla wall are remaining from the original Saltukid mosque.Photo from Dick Osseman

36311646._17_0459.JPG

An interesting feature is the timbered dome structure obtained by stacking planks in the way shown in the photo. This method was still in use in Georgia in the 19th cent. It may go back to Indian (Kashmir) and Central Asian (Serindia) practices of the 7th cent. AD

Photo from Archnet.org

Más sobre Erzurum Ulu Camii 1179

98: Erzurum Ince Minarets Medrese 1270s

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Erzurum
Ince Minarets Medrese, Hatuniye Medresesi
1275

The construction of this madrese, also known as the Hatuniye Medresa, has been alternately attributed to Hande Hatun, the daughter of Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad I (1220-1236), and to Padisha Hatun, the wife of Il Khanid Sultan Gaykhatu (1291-1295). The two attributions also suggest two different dates of construction: 1253 or 1290. Neither date is convincing, however, as it is more likely that the madrasa was completed before the demise of the Seljuk state in Erzurum in 1277, and after the Gok Madrasa in Sivas was built in 1271, a building which has been suggested as a model.
The medrese has two minarets remindful of Timurid medrese in Samarkand.
Recent photo of the medrese and the Uc Kumbetler Turbe behind it.
Photo by Struifje, Panoramio.

Text and floor plan from Archnet.org

Más sobre Erzurum Ince Minarets Medrese 1270s

99: Cairo Citadel and Mosques 1176-1183.

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Cairo
Citadel and Mosques
1176-1183, enlarged in 13th-14th cent
Ayyubid, Mamluk, Ottoman

The large mosque visible on GE in the Ayyubid citadel is the much later Mehmet Ali Mosque (Ottoman, 1824-57)

Photo Archnet.org

Más sobre Cairo Citadel and Mosques 1176-1183.

100: Cairo, Madrasa of Amir Khayerbak 1250-1517

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Cairo
The Madrasa of Amir Khayerbak:
1502-1520
Mameluk

Photo ocw.mit.edu

Más sobre Cairo, Madrasa of Amir Khayerbak 1250-1517

101: Tlemcen Great Mosque 1136

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Tlemcen, Algeria
Great Mosque
1136
Almoravid

The Great Mosque of Tlemcen was built by Sultan Ali ibn Yusuf in 1136. It is one of the best preserved examples of Almoravid archictecture.

For a details on the Mosque of Tlemcen seeMuslim Heritage, Tlemcen (the article cannot be copied!)

Más sobre Tlemcen Great Mosque 1136

102: Marrakech Kutubiya Mosque 1150

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Marrakech, Marocco
Kutubiya Mosque
1150

Photos dart.columbia.edu

Más sobre Marrakech Kutubiya Mosque 1150

103: Melika Great Mosque 12-13th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Melika, Algeria
Great Mosque
12-13th cent
Almohad

An unusual mosque in the middle of the desert

Photos (1983) Archnet.org

Más sobre Melika Great Mosque 12-13th cent

104: Fez, Masjid al-Qarawiyyin 859-60; 956; 1135;

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Help!: The location of the placemarker is Not on the mosque!!

Fez, Morocco
Masjid al-Qarawiyyin,
859-60; 956; 1135; 17th cent
Alawi, Almoravid, Idrisid

Fez was intimately linked to Islamic Spain - particularly after the 1492 Ferdinand's and Isabel's expulsion of Muslims and Jews from the Iberian Peninsula brought an influx of refugees into the city.
Visual references to the religious and palatine architecture of Islamic Spain are evident in the mosque's hypostyle plan, the 10th century square stone minaret (commissioned and funded by 'Abd al-Rahman III, the first Umayyad caliph of al-Andalus), and by the carved stucco, wood, and glazed tile (zilij) ornamental style derived from the Alhambra.
The Mosque of al-Qarawiyyin, is one of the world's oldest universities. Founded as a private oratory in 857 by Fatima, the daughter of a wealthy Qayrawani immigrant, the mosque is surrounded by madrasas, and was a major intellectual center in the medieval Mediterranean. Its prestigious academic reputation may have transcended religious divisions, if, as a popular tradition suggests, Gerbert of Auvergne (930-1003), who would become Pope Sylvester II and who is credited with introducing Arabic numerals to Europe, was once a student at al-Qarawiyyin. (from Wikipedia)

Photo Archnet.org

Más sobre Fez, Masjid al-Qarawiyyin 859-60; 956; 1135;

105: Rabat, Hassan Mosque (ruins) 1184 - 1199

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Rabat, Morocco
Hassan Mosque (ruins)
1184-1199
Almohad

The Mosque of Hassan was founded by the Almohad ruler Ya'qub al-Mansur, who began the mosque in 1191, concurrently with the foundation of the city of Rabat. Eight years later al-Mansur died and the hypostyle mosque was left unfinished. The partly preserved minaret illustrates the monumental scale on which the mosque was designed. The minaret is square in plan, constructed of stone, and ornamented on each faÃ?Â§ade with four different compositions utilizing horseshoe arches and decorative panels with interlacing polylobed arches. These motifs are common to the other extant Almohad minarets that share the same visual characteristics: the Kutubiyya Mosque of Marrakech and the Giralda of Seville.

Text and photos Archnet.org

Más sobre Rabat, Hassan Mosque (ruins) 1184 - 1199

106: Sevilla Giralda 1195

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Sevilla, Andalucia
Great Mosque - Cathedral of Seville
Giralda
1172-1176, Giralda 1184

The Great Mosque of Seville was begun in 1172 during the rule of the Almohad caliph Abu Ya'qub Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Mu'min (1163-1184). The mosque was constructed of brick and plaster, and was rectangular in plan. Buttressed and crenelated walls enclosed the prayer hall and the rectangular arcaded Court of the Oranges, whose main entrance was known as the Puerta del Perdon. The minaret, which is known as the Giralda after the word for the weathervane placed on its summit, was built in 1184.
The Giralda, the Court of the Oranges, and the Gate of Pardon were integrated into the new composition of the new Gothic cathedral which was completed in the sixteenth century.
The minaret of the former mosque
Photos Rolf Gross

View of the courtyard from the tower.

Más sobre Sevilla Giralda 1195

107: Berlanga Hermitage of San Baudelio 12th cent.

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Berlanga, Spain
Hermitage of San Baudelio
12th cent
Mozarab

The Church of San Baudelio was built in the early 12th century at the crossroad of Islamic and Christian territory on the Iberian Peninsula. In typical Mozarabic fashion, this Christian sanctuary integrates Islamic architectural elements and decorative motifs into its design and ornamentation. It is specifically renowned for its mural frescoes.
By the end of the thirteenth century, the church had undergone two cycles of painting, leaving its interior surfaces completely adorned with frescoes. Some of these murals depict the life of Christ while others feature animals, such as the camel, and scenes of hunting, influenced by popular themes and motifs during the tenth century Umayyad caliphate.

Text and Photos Archnet.org

Más sobre Berlanga Hermitage of San Baudelio 12th cent.

108: Taza, Great Mosque 1291-92

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Taza
Great Mosque
1291-92

Inaccessible to non-Moslems

Más sobre Taza, Great Mosque 1291-92

109: Granada Alhambra 1332-54

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Granada, Spain
The Alhambra
1332-54

The Alhambra from the Albaicin Hill

Photo Rolf Gross, 1997

1997GranadaAlhambrafromAcrosstheValley.j

1997GranadaAlhambrafromAcrosstheValley.j

Photo Rolf Gross, 1997

Water everywhere, in runnels in the rooms, reflections in pools in the courtyards

alhambra reflection.jpg

Photo Andy Radin

Photo Rolf Gross 1997

Más sobre Granada Alhambra 1332-54

110: Palermo San Giovanni degli Eremiti 6th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Palermo, Sicily
San Giovanni degli Eremiti
6th cent

The blend of Norman and Arab architecture produced a unique hybrid style of architecture as can be seen in the domes of San Giovanni degli Eremiti in Palermo, built as a Christian monastery in the 6th century, it is an excellent example of this cultural fusion.
The church's origin predate the Arabic and the Norman conquests. After the Islamic conquest of Sicily, its church was turned into a mosque. Its domes date from that time. The Normans returned it to the monks of St. William from Vercelli around 1136

Photo Wikipedia

Más sobre Palermo San Giovanni degli Eremiti 6th cent

111: Palermo Castello dela Zisa 12th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Palermo, Sicily
Castello dela Zisa
12th cent

Castello della Zisa was a pleasure castle of the Norman kings in Palermo. The building was begun in the 12th century in pure Arabic style by Arabian craftsmen for king William I of Sicily, and completed by his son William II.

Photo castelli-sicilia.com

Niche with fountain in the main hall.

Photo Wikipedia

Más sobre Palermo Castello dela Zisa 12th cent

112: Palermo Cappella Palatina 1130-1143

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Palermo, Sicily
Capella Palatina
1130-1143

Not an Islamic building, the Cappella Palatina still ows much to Arabic craftsmen in the employ of Norman King Roger II. Built between 1130 and 1143 as his private chapel, this golden cave is a wonder of the confluence of Byzantine mosaic art, Arabic intarsia, and Norman architecture.

Photo Rolf Gross's collection of the Capella Palatina.

Más sobre Palermo Cappella Palatina 1130-1143

113: Castelvetrano S.S. Trinita di Delia 12th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Castelvetrano, Sicily
S.S. Trinita di Delia
12th cent

Northwest of the the town of Castelvetrano one can find Ã¢Â?Â? if one looks patiently Ã¢Â?Â? a little known and rarely visited Norman church, which has retained its pure Arabic appearance: SS TrinitÃ?Â¡ di Delia. The building is on private grounds, and one has to beg for permission to visit and get the key in a large manor house nearby (now a restaurant catering to weddings etc.). The building shows how close North Africa was in the 12th century....

Photo Rolf Gross

CastelvetranoSSTrinitaDiDeliaSetting2.jp

CastelvetranoSSTrinitaDiDeliaSetting2.jp

Más sobre Castelvetrano S.S. Trinita di Delia 12th cent

114: Sang Bast, Arslan Jadhib Gunbad 997-1028

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Sang Bast, Iran
Arslan Jadhib Gunbad
997-1028
Ghaznavid

East of Lake Van in Turkey the number of mausolea (gunbad) increases. In Islamic times the tomb of a "saint" - in Turk speaking areas often a charismatic Sufi - becomes the center of a religious shrine or mosque. In East Persia, Khorasan, Afghanistan and Pakistan there exist numerous lonely mausolea, the communities having been wiped out by the ravages of the Mongol and Timurid invasions
The burial site of Arslan Jadhib, an official of the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud, was originally incorporated into a larger complex along with the nearby freestanding minaret.
Text and photo Archnet.org

Más sobre Sang Bast, Arslan Jadhib Gunbad 997-1028

115: Chisht-i-Sharif, Gumbad, Mausolea 1167

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Chisht-e Sharif, Khorasan, Afghanistan
Gumbad of Chesht
Two Mausolea
1167
Ghurid

The two free-standing domed structures are located on a plateau outside of Chisht-e-Sharif, a twelfth-century religious center that gave its name to the Chishtiyya order of Sufism. Inscriptions on both structures name Ghurid sultan Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad ibn Sam (1163-1203) as their patron. Their original function is uncertain, the attribution of mausolea is an assumption. Architecturally the two gumbats are excellent examples how Khorasan masters handled the problem of a circular dome on a square base with ease.
Text and photos Archnet.org

The squinches (pendentives) in the corners of the cube.

Más sobre Chisht-i-Sharif, Gumbad, Mausolea 1167

116: Bukhara, Magokh-i-Attar Mosque 1178-1179

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Magokh-i-Attar Mosque
8th cent and 1178-1179
Qarakhanid

The place of the Magokh-i-Attar mosque has functioned as a sacred or religious site over millennia. The present mosque was built in the early 8th century and rebuilt numerous times until the early twentieth century. The building is notable as the oldest extant mosque in Central Asia, and as one of the few pre-Mongol monuments in the region.
The mosque's origins, like many others in Bukhara, are mysterious and legend-laden. The site is now understood to have once formed the core of Bukhara's city center (Shahristan) in the early Sogdian era. The site was occupied in the 5th century by a Zoroastrian temple, which was replaced by a Buddhist temple. An important temple dedicated to Moh, the moon deity, and a market surrounding it stood there until a conflagration in 937. Nothing has remained from these earlier buildings. The southern portal, which is the oldest component of the present structure, can be traced to the Qarakhanid dynasty's extensive rebuilding in the twelfth century.

Text and photo whc.unesco.org

Más sobre Bukhara, Magokh-i-Attar Mosque 1178-1179

117: Herat Masjid-i Jamii - Great Mosque 1200-1498 (1970)

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Herat - Chorasan, Afghanistan
Herat Masjid-i Jamii - Great Mosque
1200, 1498
Ghurid

The present mosque was begun by Ghurid ruler Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad b. Sam (1162-1202) in 1200. In the thirteenth century, Chingiz Khan pillaged the province and the building fell into ruin. After 1397, the Timurid rulers redirected Herat's growth towards the North. the mosque was then rebuilt by Mir Ali Shir Navai -- a prominent poet and minister of Sultan Husain Baiqara (1469-1506) -- in two years beginning in 1498. By the mid-twentieth century, little remained of the Timurid mosque besides pieces of the tile decoration of the two ivans. The actual structure was completely reconstructed. The new, present (1970) mosque corrects the irregularities of the original layout and reconstructs elements (like the mausoleum), which were entirely lost by the 1940s. The tiling has been heavily repaired.

Text and photo Archnet.org

Más sobre Herat Masjid-i Jamii - Great Mosque 1200-1498 (1970)

118: Mashhad, Imam Ali Reza Shrine 14-20th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Mashhad
Khorasan, Iran
Imam Ali Reza Shrine
14-20th cent
Timurid

Arguably Iran's most sacred (Shiite) shrine. It developed around the grave of Ali Riza (Ali ibn-Musa) the 8th Imam (765-817) who was poisoned in Tus and buried here.
Although the earliest present structures date from the the early 15th cent, historical references indicate buildings on the site prior to the Seljuk period, and a dome by the early thirteenth century.
Following periods of alternating destruction and reconstruction, including the sporadic interest of Seljuk and Il-Khan Sultans, the largest period of construction took place under the Timurids and Safavids. The site received substantial royal patronage from the son of Timur, Shah Rukh, and his wife Gawhar Shad and the Safavid Shahs Tahmasp, Abbas and Nader Shah.
The martired saint is buried under a heavily gilded dome:

Mashad ImamAli.jpg

Street view from the south, with the blue dome of the Gawhar Shad Mosque and the gold sanctuary dome way in back. As can be seen from outer space the complex is large.

Text and photos Archnet.org

Más sobre Mashhad, Imam Ali Reza Shrine 14-20th cent

119: Ghazni, Ulugh Begh and 'Abd al-Razzaq Mausoleum 1460-1502

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Ghazni, Afghanistan
Ulugh Begh and 'Abd al-Razzaq Mausoleum
1460-1502
Timurid

The Mausoleum of Ulugh Begh bin Abu Sa'id, son of Timurid Sultan Abu Sa'id (1459-1469), was erected to the south of old Ghazna, on a hill overlooking the ruined palace of Mas'ud III. Ulugh Beg governed Ghazna and Kabul from 1460 until his death in 1501, while his son and successor 'Abd al-Razzaq was dethroned within a year. The mausoleum was probably built by Ulugh Beg for himself and also houses the remains of 'Abd al-Razzaq who died in 1513/1514 GhazniUluBegh-AbdalRazz Mausileum.jpg

The mausolum has an unusual floor plan.

Text and phots Archnet.org

Más sobre Ghazni, Ulugh Begh and 'Abd al-Razzaq Mausoleum 1460-1502

120: Balkh, Khwaja Abu Nasr Parsa Mosque 1460 to 1598

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Balkh, Afghanistan
Khvaja Abu Nasr Parsa Mosque and Tomb
1460 to 1598
Safavid

Khwaja Abu Nasr Parsa (d. 1460) was a spiritual leader of the Naqshbandi order and a theological lecturer in Herat. Golombek and Wilber have identified an unmarked tombstone in front of the portal as the khwaja's grave marker.

Badly damaged (partly restored 1975) the front ivan must have once rivaled the Timurid madresas in Samarkand. Two tiled spiral columns flank the entry ivan

The Spiral column after the last restoration in 1975

Text and photos Archnet.org

Más sobre Balkh, Khwaja Abu Nasr Parsa Mosque 1460 to 1598

121: Na'in, Masjid-i Baba 'Abd Allah 1300, restored 1336

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Na'in, Esfahan, Iran
Masjid-i Baba 'Abd Allah
1300, restored 1336
A rare Il-Khanid example

A domed square chamber built in 1300 and restored in 1336, with fine examples of painting on plaster over the mihrab.

Interior, painted decorations and inscription

Nain MasjitRoof.jpg

Text and photos Archnet.org

Más sobre Na'in, Masjid-i Baba 'Abd Allah 1300, restored 1336

122: Sultaniya, Mausoleum of Il-Khan Oljeitu 1307-1313

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Sultaniyya, Iran
Mausoleum of Sultan Muhammad Oljeitu Khudabanda
1307- 1313
Il-Khanid
The central magnet of Soltaniyeh's several ruins is the Mausoleum of Il-khan Ã?Â?ljeitÃ?Â¼, traditionally known as the Dome of Soltaniyeh.

The structure, erected between 1307 and 1313, boasts the oldest double-shell dome in the world. Its importance in Islamic architecture may be compared to that of Brunelleschi's Florentine cupola for the West. The Dome of Soltaniyya paved the way for more daring Muslim cupola constructions, such as the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi and Taj Mahal. Much of the exterior decoration has been lost, but the interior retains superb mosaics, faience, and murals.
The mausoleum under reconstruction in 1999.

Polichrome plaster in the vault

Text and photos Archnet.org

Más sobre Sultaniya, Mausoleum of Il-Khan Oljeitu 1307-1313

123: Shiraz, Shah Cheragh Shrine 14th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Shiraz, Iran
Shah Cheragh Shrine
Syed Amir Ahmad (also called Ahmad ibn Musa)
14th cent
Ilkhanid

As a city Shiraz was founded in 684 AD, after the Arab armies conquered the Sassanians. The Buyids (945-1055 AD) made Shiraz their capital, building mosques, palaces and a great city wall. The 13th and 14th centuries saw Shiraz as a literary center especially famous for its poets Sa'adi and Hafez, both of whom are buried in the city. There are many splendid Islamic monuments in Shiraz, especially its enormous Safavid mosque, but the most notable religious site is the shrine of Syed Amir Ahmad (also called Ahmad ibn Musa).

Text and photo Archnet.org

Más sobre Shiraz, Shah Cheragh Shrine 14th cent

124: Kerman, Masjid-i-Pa Minar 1390

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Kerman, Iran
Masjid-i-Pa Minar, Pa Pinar Mosque
1390
Il Khanid
exact location uncertain

Entrance to shrine

Photo Archnet.org

Más sobre Kerman, Masjid-i-Pa Minar 1390

125: Yadz Masjid-e Jame 1324, 1364-1470

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Yadz, Iran
Masjid-e Jame
1324, 1364-1470
Muzzafarid, Timurid

Founded in the twelfth century, the current structure dates to several building phases during the fourteenth century with significant addition during the fifteenth, and eighteenth or nineteenth centuries.
The mosque is also significant for the early and substantial use of transverse vaulting in the rectangular winter prayer halls, a system that also has precedents in Sasanian structures.
The tile decoration is also noteworthy, although much is restoration. The dome is articulated with geometric decorative brickwork in turquoise and white on an unglazed buff field. Decorative brickwork laid in epigrams cover most wall surfaces within the sanctuary, above a turquoise tile dado with mosaic medallions that continues into the iwan. The mihrab is sheathed with naturalistic vegetal designs rendered in remarkable faience mosaic.

Vaulting in the eastern gallery

Text and photos Archnet.org

Más sobre Yadz Masjid-e Jame 1324, 1364-1470

126: Abarquh Masjid-e Jame 1337-1338

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Abarquh, Iran
Masjid-e Jame
1337-1338
Il-Khanid, Timurid

Interior

Photos Archnet.org

Más sobre Abarquh Masjid-e Jame 1337-1338

127: Samarkand, The Registran

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Samarkand
Moon rise over the Registran. Photo 1989

The Registran, the central square of Samarkand is surrounded by three Islamic schools (Madreses) : Ulugbeg Madrasa (1417-1420), the Sir-Dor Madrasa (1619-1636) and the Tilya-Kari Madrasa (1646-1660). One of the most magnificent Islamic architectural ensembles of Central Asia.

For more photos from Samarkand go to Rolf's Samarkand 1977 and 1989

Más sobre Samarkand, The Registran

128: Samarkand Bibi-Khanum Mosque 1398-1405

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Bibi Khanum Mosque - Masjid-i-Jami
1398-1405
Timurid

Photo of the mosque from the street after its dome and Ivan had been restored (1990s)

Photo Archnet.org

Before the last reconstruction (19870s-80s) only four massive fragments like enormous teeth and a minaret had survived of this mosque. The broken dome is hidden by the ivan. Soviet photo from 1968.

Más sobre Samarkand Bibi-Khanum Mosque 1398-1405

129: Samarkand Gur-e-Amir Mosque 1403-1404

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Gur-e-Amir MosqueTimur Tamerlane's Mausoleum1403-1404
Timurid

Timur built this celebrated monument as the resting place of his grandson and heir-presumptive Muhammad Sultan, who died in battle in 1403 at the age of 29. In 1405 Timur himself was interred here, and later were his sons Miranshah and Shah Rukh and his grandson, Pir Muhammad. Timur's spiritual advisor, Sayyid Barakah, also lies within. Ulugh Beg, who had established the tomb as the Timurid dynastic mausoleum and commissioned additions, was the last of the family to be placed within the crypt. - Photos 1977.

The unique dome after restoration in the 1970s.

For more photos from Samarkand go to Rolf's Samarkand 1977 and 1989

Más sobre Samarkand Gur-e-Amir Mosque 1403-1404

130: Smarkand Ulugh Begh Medresa 1417-1421

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Registran
Ulugh Begh Medresa
1417-1421

The oldest madrasa on the north side of the Registran and a khanaqah both of which Ulugh Beg, Timur's grandson and Governor of Samarkand, built facing each other across the square, were part of a large urban project incorporating several mosques, caravanserais and a bazaar. Of this project only the monumental madrasa survives. Oon the site of the khanaqah now stands the 17th-century Shir Dor Madrasa.
During Soviet times and my vists the medresa was for 25 years in reconstruction, and I have no photos better than this one .

Text and photo Archnet.org

Más sobre Smarkand Ulugh Begh Medresa 1417-1421

131: Samarkand Sir Dor Madresa 1619-1636

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Registran
Sir Dor Madresa
1619-1636
Architects Abdul Jabbar and Mohammad Abbas
Shaybanid

The madrasa was commissiond by the Shaybanid general, Alchin Yalantush Bahadur in erratic stages between 1619 and 1636. A barely readable inscription attributes construction to a certain Abdul Jabbar and decoration to Mohammad Abbas. The site had originally housed a large tim or cupola covered trading market built by Timur's female consort, Tuman-Aka in the 14th century. Timur's successor, Ulugh Beg, had this tim dismantled, to build a domed khanqah or hospice, ancillary to his madrasa. Yalantush thus replaced a part of Ulugh Beg's original ensemble, and did not initiate a new one, as is often maintained. Photos Rolf Gross 1977.

For more photos from Samarkand go to Rolf's Samarkand 1977 and 1989

Más sobre Samarkand Sir Dor Madresa 1619-1636

132: Samarkand Tilla Kari Madresa 1646-1660

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Registran
Tilla Kari Madresa
1646-1660
Shaybanid

The Tilla Kari madrasa was commissioned a decade after the adjacent Shir Dor madrasa (1619-1636) by the same patron, Shaybanid feudal general, Alchin Yalantush Bahadur between 1646-60. Once part of the complex built by Timur's wife, Tuman-Aka in the fourteenth century, the site had housed the Mirzoi caravan sarai. Built originally as a theological seminary, the Tilla Kari madrasa with its large prayer hall became Samarkand's congregational mosque after the collapse of the Bibi Khanum and the dismantling of Alikeh Kukeltash Mosques.
The medresa was extensively restored in Soviet times before 1990 including the chamber underneath the dome. Photos Rolf Gross 1977 and 1989

The tiled entry ivan.

Restored interior tromp l'oeil painting of the non-spherical dome.

Photo from Archnet.org

For more photos from Samarkand go to Rolf's Samarkand 1977 and 1989

Más sobre Samarkand Tilla Kari Madresa 1646-1660

133: Samarkand Shakh-i-Zinda Timurid Mausoleums 11- 15th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Shakh-i-Zinda
Timurid Mausolea
11- 15th cent

Surrounded by cemeteries lies the street of theTimurid mausolea. The earliest buildings date back to the 11-12th centuries. Only the foundations and headstones of these early buildings have survived. The majority are Timurs descendants dating to the 14-15th centuries. Photos Rolf Gross 1977.

Insrcription over an entry door

For more photos from Samarkand go to Rolf's Samarkand

Más sobre Samarkand Shakh-i-Zinda Timurid Mausoleums 11- 15th cent

134: Shakh-i-Zabz Aq Serai 1400

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Shakh-i-Zabz, Uzbekistan
Timur's Aq Serai Palace
The entry ivan (gate)
around 1400

A few surviving large tile mosaics give a small idea of the sophisticated spendor of this palace.

For more photos from Samarkand and Shakh-i-Zabz go to Rolf's Samarkand

Más sobre Shakh-i-Zabz Aq Serai 1400

135: Bukhara, Ulubegh Medresa 1417-21

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Ulubegh Medresa
1417-21
Timurid
One of three madrasas commissioned by Ulu Begh, this one in Bukhara was constructed over the same years as that in Samarkand. The builder, Ismail b. Tahir b. Mahmud al-Isfahani utilized the traditional courtyard plan, but instead of the standard four iwans, he included only two. The decorative scheme makes considerable use of hazarbaf brick patterns in dark and light blue glazed tile. The entrance iwan also includes haft rangi tiles with extensive gilding.
A photo 1925
Text and photo Archnet.org

Más sobre Bukhara, Ulubegh Medresa 1417-21

136: Bukhara, Masjid-i Jami or Kalyan Masjid 1514

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bulhara, Uzbekistan
Masjid-i Jami or Kalyan Masjid
early 14th cent., 1514
Timurid, Shaybanid
This immense four-iwan mosque occupies the site of an earlier congregational mosque commissioned by Qarakhanid ruler Arslan Khan, of which only the minaret remains. The structure evident today was initiated under the Timurids during the fifteenth century and completed under Ubaydallah Khan, the Shaybanid appanage in Bukhara.
Hazarbaf brickwork predominates, with hexagonal haft-rangi floral tiles in the spandrels.

Photo by yves75, Panoramio

Más sobre Bukhara, Masjid-i Jami or Kalyan Masjid 1514

137: Bukhara, Mir-i-Arab Medresa 1535-36

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bukhara
Medresa Mir-i-Arab
1535-36
One copula covers a mosque, the other a karnaka (hospital).

Photo by yves75, Panoramio

Más sobre Bukhara, Mir-i-Arab Medresa 1535-36

138: Bukhara, Kukeltash Medressa 1568-69

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Kukeltash Medressa
1568-69
Shaybanid

Photo Archnet.org

Más sobre Bukhara, Kukeltash Medressa 1568-69

139: Bukhara, Char-Minar Mosque 1589

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bukhara
Char-Minar Mosque ("Four Minarets")
1589
Shaybanid

Photo by yves75, Panoramio

Más sobre Bukhara, Char-Minar Mosque 1589

140: Bulhara, Abdulla Khan Mosque and Medresa 1588-90

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bulhara, Uzbekistan
Abdulla Khan Mosque and Medresa
1588-90
Shaybanid

Shaybanid ruler Abdullah Khan II (1556-1598) built the madrasa as a residential theological school, immediately opposite his earlier Madar-i Khan Madrasa (b. 1566-67), thus creating another of Bukhara's typical double madrasa ensembles (kush madrasa).
Built during Bukhara's third and last great construction phase when numerous civic structures such as caravanserais, tims (markets), taks (domed market kiosks), hauz (lakes) and khanqahs (hospices). It is noted for its mastery of architectural form, plan and structure at a period of declining trade, political stability and lack of architectural innovation.
Russian archaeological teams extensively restored the madrasa's exterior tile work in the 1950s. The volute arch and dado of the pishtaq display intricate floral patterns in majolica and are fine examples of contemporary workmanship. Text from Archnet.org

boukhara-me?dersa-abdul-aziz.jpg

Photo by perinic, Panoramio

Más sobre Bulhara, Abdulla Khan Mosque and Medresa 1588-90

141: Bukhara, Divan Begh Medresa 1622-1623

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Divan Begh Medresa
1622-1623
Janid

Photo by msotomayor Panoramio

Más sobre Bukhara, Divan Begh Medresa 1622-1623

142: Bolo Hauz Mosque 1712

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bukhara, Uzbekistan
Bala-Hauz Masjid (Bolo Hauz Mosque)
1712
Janid

The mosque was built in 1712 for Bibi Khanum, the mother of Ashtarkhanid (or Janid) ruler Abu'l Fayud Khan (1711-47) as a private retreat. Although built as a royal chapel, the mosque has become a significant civic monument.
The Bala Hauz Masjid is noted for the profuse colors and carvings on the wooden columns of its porch and its ceiling. The joinery of its painted ceiling features extraordinary craftsmanship with the use of suspended weights, semi-circular arches and balusters.
The important mosque lies in disrepair today, despite considerable tourist interest. The porch is threatened by water damage while its front minaret tilts precariously despite repair attempts. The pool is not dredged or cleaned, and the public toilet adjacent to the mosque adds to its squalor.

Text and photos Archnet.org

Más sobre Bolo Hauz Mosque 1712

143: Emir Han 1338

Bursa
Bey or Emir Hani
1338
Ottoman

The Bey (or Emir) Hani, one of the oldest inns in Bursa, is part of the Orhan Camii Complex. It has badly suffered from earthquake, fire and restoration. Originally it was very grand, forty-five meters to fifty meters in dimension with a stable at the rear. The stable was demolished in the 15th century to make room for the second minaret of the Ulu Cami. The han as it appears today was restored in 1959 to 1965 after a major fire that destroyed the neighborhood. It is composed of a total of seventy-four cells on two floors with gallery around a large courtyard with hexagonal basin at its center. The construction is brick and cut stone.

Text from Archnet.org

Más sobre Emir Han 1338

144: Orhan Mosque 1339

Bursa
Orhan Gazi Complex
1339
Ottoman

The Complex of Orhan I (known as Orhan Gazi), was built in the market area of Bursa in 1339. The endowment (vakfiyye) of the Orhaniye Complex includes a mosque, madrasa (medrese), two baths (hamam), a soup kitchen (imaret) and a han, of which only the mosque, a hamam and the han survive today. The mosque was originally built without a minaret, the existing minaret on the northeast corner dates from the nineteenth century.

Text and photo fromArchnet.org

Más sobre Orhan Mosque 1339

145: Orhan Hamami 14th cent

Bursa
Orhan Gazi Complex
Orhan Hamami
14th cent
Ottoman

The Orhan baths, called Bey or Orhan Hamami, are located in the vicinity of the mosque between Emir Han and Koza Han. The surviving men's section is now a bazaar known as Aynali Ã?arsi and hence lost its original function and appearance.

Text from Archnet.org

Más sobre Orhan Hamami 14th cent

146: Bursa Sultan Emiir Camii 13th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bursa
Sultan Emiir Camii
Built for Sultan Selim II
13th cent. Rebuilt in 1804. Photo Rolf Gross, 1990

Más sobre Bursa Sultan Emiir Camii 13th cent

147: Bursa HÃ¼davendigar KÃ¼lliye 1365-1385

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bursa
HÃ¼davendigar KÃ¼lliyesi
Murat I Complex
1365-1385

The imperial complex of Murad I, bearing his epithet HÃ¼davendigar, consists of a mosque with madrasa (medrese) and dervish lodge (zaviye), mausoleum (tÃ¼rbe), fountain, a soup kitchen (imaret), a hamam and a Koran school for boys (sibyan mektebi).
The mausoleum was commissioned by Bayezid I after the death of his father Murad I in Kosovo in 1329 and is located to the south of the mosque. It is a single-unit with a dome resting on double arches and Byzantine columns and houses the tombs of Murad I and seven other members of the Ottoman family.

View of the northern faÃ§ade of the mosque with five-bay portico and gallery above

BursaMurat I Complex.jpg

Text and photo Archnet.org

Más sobre Bursa HÃ¼davendigar KÃ¼lliye 1365-1385

148: Bursa Yildirim Beyazit I Medresa 1394

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bursa
Yildirim Beyazit I Medresa and Tomb 1394
Architect HÃ¼seyin bin Ali

General view from northwest, showing madrasa in front of the mosque

BursaBeyazit I Medresa.jpg

Exterior view of the mausoleum from southwest, with pishtak portal of madrasa visible on lower left

BursaBeyazit I Medresa Gumbat.jpg

Detail from entrance to mausoleum showing inscriptive plaque (kitabe) in Arabic with nesih characters, announcing patronage of Suleyman Celebi and the name of architect Huseyin bin Ali, with the date of construction 1394 (809 A.H).

Plan of complex

Floor plan of complex showing (1) gate, (2) mausoleum, (3) madrasa, (4) site of royal garden palace, (5) convent-masjid, (6) hospice, (7) bathhouse, (8) gate, (9) reconstruction of precinct wall, (10) aqueduct

Text and images Archnet.org

Más sobre Bursa Yildirim Beyazit I Medresa 1394

149: Bursa Ulu Cami 1396 - 1400

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bursa
Ulu Cami
1396 - 1400

View of the southern faÃ?Â§ade and the roof with its twenty domes, with the AtatÃ?Â¼rk street in front and the Bursa plains in the distance. Photo from Archnet.org

Interior after Friday services (Photo Rolf Gross, 1990)

Más sobre Bursa Ulu Cami 1396 - 1400

150: Bursa Muradiye 1426-1428

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bursa
Muradiye
Murad II's Tomb and KÃ¼lliye
1426-1428
The Complex of Murad II, known as Muradiye, was built following the completion of the Yesil Complex and consists of a mosque, madrasa (medrese), soup kitchen (imaret), a Koran school for boys (sibyan mektebi), hamam and twelve mausolea (tÃ¼rbe) belonging to the Ottoman family.

Text anf photo Archnet.org

This is one of the most peaceful places in Bursa (Photo Rolf Gross, 1990)

Más sobre Bursa Muradiye 1426-1428

151: Koza Han 1481-1512

Bursa
Koza Han
1481-1512
Ottoman

The Koza (Cocoon) Han was commissioned by Bayezid II and built in 1481-1512 in the market neighborhood between Ulu Cami and Orhaniye, to provide income for the sultan's mosque in Istanbul. Functionally it is part of the Orhan Complex.

Text from Archnet.org

Más sobre Koza Han 1481-1512

152: Bursa Yesil Cami Mosque of Mehmed I 1491-1421

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bursa
Mosque of Mehmed I - Yesil Camii "Green Mosque"
1419-1421
Architect Haci Ivaz Pasa

Photo Archnet.org

Más sobre Bursa Yesil Cami Mosque of Mehmed I 1491-1421

153: Bursa Yesil TÃ¼rbe Mehmed I Tomb 1419-1421

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bursa
Yesil TÃ¼rbe
Mehmed !'s Tomb
1419-1421

The famous mausoleum of Mehmed I, known as Yesil TÃ?Â¼rbe (Green Tomb) was built by his son and successor Murad II following the death of the sovereign in 1421. The architect was Haci Ivaz Pasa, who also designed the mosque. - The color of the tiles is really blue by Western eyes - or at best turquoise. In Chinese green and blue have the same character and are indistiguishable in their view. - Photo Rolf Gross 1990.

Más sobre Bursa Yesil TÃ¼rbe Mehmed I Tomb 1419-1421

154: Didymotikhon Ã?elebi Sultan Mehmet Mosque 1420-1421

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Didymotikho, GreeceÃ?elebi Mehmet Mosque - Bayezid Camii
1420 - 1421
Ottoman
Architect Ivaz Pasa

This mosque made its way into this collection not only because I know this last village on the road to Edirne - but because the village is Greek and Turkish (di= two, dymotikhon= people).
The mosque was built in 1420 by Sultan Mehmed II. In the Greek archives the mosque is named Bayezid Camii.
The mosque - without a dome - may be unfinished: Like the Green Mosque in Bursa -- another mosque built by Ivaz Pasa under Mehmet II -- was also left incomplete with the Sultan's death in 1421.

Text and photo Archnet.org

Más sobre Didymotikhon Ã?elebi Sultan Mehmet Mosque 1420-1421

155: Edirne Eski Camii 1402-14

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Edirne
Eski Camii - Old Mosque
1402-14
Architect Haci Alaeddin of Konya

The construction of the Old Mosque of Edirne began in 1402 by Emir SÃ?Â¼leyman and was completed under the rule of his brother Mehmed I in 1414. Built as a Friday Mosque in the market neighborhood of Edirne, the mosque took on its current name following the completion of the new Ã?Ã§ Serefeli Mosque in 1447. The mosque was restored between 1924 and 1934 and in 1965 after the 1953 earthquake.

The Prophet's Name (peace be upon him) etched adjacent to a window on the northern faÃ§ade (19th cent)

The interior of the mosque is a low heavy space, an excellent example of pre-Sinan architecture. If is adorned with painted decoration and large calligraphy dating from the second half of the 19th century. The stone mihrab and minbar remain despite damage by fire. The mihrab is unique with small muqarnas niches placed inside the primary niche.

EdirneEski CamiiInterior.jpg

Text and Photographs from Archnet.org

Más sobre Edirne Eski Camii 1402-14

156: Edirne Muradiye 1435

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Edirne
Muradiye
1435

The Muradiye Mosque was built by Murad II in 1435 on a hill northeast of the city that overlooks the palace grounds (SarayiÃ?Â§i) to the northwest. Originally conceived of as a convent (tekke) for the Mevlevi order, the building was converted into a mosque when completed.
.

Exterior detail showing carved wooden door and inscriptive plaque in Arabic giving the name of the donor and date of completion.

Text and photographs from Archnet.org

Más sobre Edirne Muradiye 1435

157: Edirne Ã?Ã§ Serefeli Mosque and KÃ¼lleyi 1437 - 1447

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Edirne
Uc Serefeli Mosque and KÃ?Â¼lleyi
1437 - 1447

The Ã?Ã§ Serefeli Mosque, named after its unusual wound minaret, was built by Murad II. Damaged in the 1752 earthquake, the mosque was repaired in 1763 by order of Mahmud III. A major restoration took place in 1930, with additional work on frescoes in 1999. The Koranic School (mekteb) and the soup kitchen (imaret) of the larger complex no longer exist while the two medrese- and the hammam have survived in heavily restored condition. They can be seen on the satellite image.
Exterior view with the "wound" minaret on the left.

Inner courtyard with typical colored masonry inserts

Exterior detail from portico, showing tiled tympanum of window with prayers in Arabic mentioning the founder of the mosque. Here the masonry is painted on.

Text and photos Archnet.org

Más sobre Edirne Ã?Ã§ Serefeli Mosque and KÃ¼lleyi 1437 - 1447

158: Edirne Beyazit II KÃ¼lliye 1484-1488

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Edirne
Beyazit II KÃ¼lliye
1484-1488

A conservative, late 15th-century complex commissioned by Sultan Beyazid II just before Sinan built the Selimiye. .

Plan of the kÃ¼lliye:

Floor plan of complex along the Tunca river, showing (1) mosque, (2) hospice, (3) caravanserai, (4) hospital, (5) madrasa, (6) site of bathhouse

Text and images from Archnet.org

Más sobre Edirne Beyazit II KÃ¼lliye 1484-1488

159: Aghia Eirene 548

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Constantinople-Istanbul
Aghia Eirene
Originally built by Emperor Justinian I, 4th cent
Present building: 548

The building reputedly stands on the site of a pre-Christian temple. It ranks, in fact, as the first church built in Constantinople. Roman emperor Constantine I commissioned the Hagia Irene church in the 4th century. It was burned down during the Nike revolt in 532. Emperor Justinian I had the church restored in 548. It served as the church of the Patriarchate before Hagia Sophia was completed in 537. The nave measures 100m x 32 m. It has the typical form of a Roman basilica, consisting of a nave and two aisles.
After the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 the church was converted into an armoury. It was restored by Field Marshall Ahmed Fethi PaÃ?Â?a in 1846 and became the first Turkish museum. It was used as a Military Museum from 1908 until 1978. Today, it serves mainly as a concert hall for classical music performances, due to its extraordinary acoustic characteristics and impressive atmosphere.

The cross in the main apse is a unique example of theIslam-inspired Iconoclast period in Byzantine art (730-787).

Text and photos from Wkipedia

Más sobre Aghia Eirene 548

160: Church of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus - KÃ¼Ã§Ã¼k Ayasofia ~530

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Constantinople-Istanbul
Monastery of the Sts. Sergius and Bacchus - KÃ¼Ã§Ã¼k Ayasofia Camii (Little Aghia Sofia)
Built by Justinian I
~530

Considered the pre-cursor to the Hagia Sophia. It was built by Justinian I shortly after his ascention to the throne. The church of Sts. Sergius and Bakkhos was joined at its north wall to a basilica dedicated to Sts. Peter and Paul. The two churches shared a courtyard to the west and were surrounded by monastery buildings managed by Monophysites(!) presumably from Syria.
The church of Sts. Peter and Paul was demolished during the construction of a raiload in the 1860s.

HÃ?Â¼seyin Aga, the chief officer of the Ottoman Palace during the rule of Bayezid II (1481-1512), converted the Church of Sergius and Bacchus into a mosque. The mosque has a single minaret on the southwest corner, which dates from 1955. The KÃ?Â¼Ã?Â§Ã?Â¼k Ayasofya was included in the annual list of the World Monuments Watch as one of the "100 Most Endangered Sites" in 2002. -

the church and the rail tracks in the foreground - without minaret (before 1955):

Photo before 1955 - without minaret.

Interior, photo early 20th cent.

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Church of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus - KÃ¼Ã§Ã¼k Ayasofia ~530

161: Aghia Sophia 532 - 537

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Constantinople-Istanbul
Aghia Sofia
Built by Emperor Justinian I
Present building: 532-537

Photo from Wikipeda, Hagia Sofia

Cross section of the building

Floor Plan: from Wikipedia

Looking at the plan of the Aghia Sophia, it is immediate evident that this is not a cruciform church, but a basilica with a centralized plan, which evolved from rectangular Roman architectural forms. Only the marriage between the dome and the rectangular base goes back to eastern examples (see e.g., Ktesiphon). The central floor measures an immense 220 feet by 250 feet and the four arches around the nave are 70 feet high. Everything about the various elements is designed - contrary to later Islamic practice, which conceals the "heaven" from the viewer by interspersing a "ceiling" of lamps - to draw the eye higher and higher, into the dome and, presumably, heaven itself. Only Westerners look at the domes of mosques - and are occasionally reminded by the keeper that this is not "done".

It is virtually impossible to photograph the enterior without a specialized camera . This photograph - the only one I could find - is from 1890 before the mosque was converted into a museum (Harvard Archives):

Photo Archnet.org

My own attempt (1990). The marble urn is from Bergama and was placed here by Selim III (1566-1574)

Sultan Ahmed Mosque seen from a window of the women's gallery in the Aghia Sofia (1990).

1990IstSultanAkhmedfrom AghSofia.jpg

Más sobre Aghia Sophia 532 - 537

162: Pammakaristos Church - Fetiyeh Cami 11/12th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Constantinople-Istanbul
Church of the Monastery of Pammakaristos - Fetiyeh Camii
11th or 12th cent

Text and photo Archnet.org

Few churches in Constantinople have had an as varied history as the Pammakaristos. The Pammakaristos church was converted into Fethiye Cami or "Victory Mosque" in 1591 by Murad III to commemorate his conquest of Georgia and Azerbaijan. The Greek Orthodox Patriarchy, who had taken refuge in the Pammakaristos at the time of the Ottoman conquest, was transferred to its current location in Fener in the year of its conversion into a mosque.
The fire of Balatkapi damaged the mosque in 1640. It was repaired in 1845, and finally restored in 1936-38. Abandoned after the restoration, the main space was re-opened to Islamic prayer only in 1960. The parekklesion, restored to its pre-Ottoman state by the Byzantine Institute of America, is now open to visitors as a museum. The obove photo shows mainly the parekklision with its copulas.

Más sobre Pammakaristos Church - Fetiyeh Cami 11/12th cent

163: Chora-Kariye Ekkllesia 11th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Constantinople-Istanbul
Chora Ekkllesia - Kariye Camii
Present building: 11th cent

Text and photo from Archnet.org
The Kariye Museum, formerly the "Church of the Monastery in the Chora", was outside the city prior to the building of the Theodosian walls, hence its Greek name Chora Ekklesia, "Church in the Country".
Restored after an earthquake in 557, the basilica was rebuilt in its current Greek-cross plan in the 11th century. Additions and renovations (1316-1321) were sponsored by Theodore Metochites, a scholar and prime minister under Andronicus II. One of the last churches built before the Fall of Constantinople (1453).
Its importance does not lie as much with its architecture but in the mosaics and frescoes which grace its interior and that of the attached parekklesion.
After it was declared a museum, the Byzantine Institute of Washington D.C. and the Dumbarton Oaks Center of Byzantine Studies restord it in 1948.
My free-hand photographs (before digital cameras) of the mosaics of the vault of the main church (1990)

.

and the frescoes of the Parekklision (1990)

Más sobre Chora-Kariye Ekkllesia 11th cent

164: Pantocrator Church -Zeyrek Camii

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Constantinople-Istanbul
Pantocrator Church -Zeyrek Camii
1118-1143

Photo WikipediaThe Church of the Monastery of the Pantocrator was built by Byzantine Emperor John II Comnenus and his wife, Empress Irene. The famous Middle Byzantine monastic foundation included a triple-church, a hostel, a hospital, and a hospice for the elderly, richly endowed by its imperial founders.
The main trakt, used as mosque is in poor, the right parakklision in better condition.

Más sobre Pantocrator Church -Zeyrek Camii

165: Christ Pantepoptes Eski Imaret Mosque 11 cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Constantinople-Istanbul
Christ Pantepoptes - Eski Imaret Mosque
11th century

Eski Imaret Mosque was a Byzantine church dedicated to Christ Pantepoptes, "Christ the all-seeing". It is the only documented 11th century church in Istanbul which survived intact, and represents a key monument of middle Byzantine architecture. Despite that, the building remains one of the least studied churches in the city. From Byzantine Churches of Istanbul

Más sobre Christ Pantepoptes Eski Imaret Mosque 11 cent

166: Aghios Theodoros - Vefa Kilise or Molla Ã?elebi Camii 11th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Constantinople-Istanbul
Aghios Theodoros - Vefa Kilise or Molla Ã?elebi Camii
11th century
Vefa Kilise Mosque or Molla Ã?elebi Camii, to distinguish it from the other killise camiler of Istanbul: (also known as Molla GÃ¼rani Camii after the name of his founder) is a former Byzantine church converted into a mosque by the Ottomans. The church was possibly dedicated to Aghios Theodoros, but this dedication is far from certain. The complex represents one of the most important examples of Comnenian and Palaiologan architecture of Constantinople.

From Byzantine Churches of Istanbul, nyu.edu

Más sobre Aghios Theodoros - Vefa Kilise or Molla Ã?elebi Camii 11th cent

167: EyyÃ¼b Mehmet Sultan Mosque 1458

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul-EyyÃ¼b
Mehmet Sultan Complex
1458

The mosque was first built in 1458 by Mehmet the Conqueror on the site where Ebu EyyÃ¼b el Ensari, who was Mohammed's standard-bearer, was killed under the walls of Constantinople during the first siege by the Arabs (672-677). His tomb, in the walls surrounding the mosque, has beautiful Ã?Â°znik tiles. The mosque was reconstructed by Sultan Selim III between 1798-1800. It is of no particular architectural interest - but large numbers of pilgrims visit the tomb of Gazi el Ensari. It is also a favorite place for circumcision ceremonies of young boys.

Photo Rolf Gross 1990

Más sobre EyyÃ¼b Mehmet Sultan Mosque 1458

168: Fatih Mehmet the Conqueror.Camii 1462-1470

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Fatih Mehmet the Conqueror.Camii
1462-1470, 1771, interior restored 2000
Architect Atik Sinan (Old Sinan), reconstructed by head-architect Mehmed Tahir

The Fatih Mosque is the sanctuary of the imperial complex built by Mehmed II to commemorate his conquest of Constantinople in 1453. It stands at the center of an extended precinct that was entered through gates along the northern and southern walls. It was intended to be a center of learning and is flanked by 16 medreses to the east and the west, which were the first Ottoman educational institutions in Istanbul. Education was no longer based on religious studies only, but now included the rational sciences such as mathematics, astronomy and philosophy . The architect of the mosque and the complex,was Atik Sinan (Old Sinan). Built between 1463 and 1470. Tthe complex was severely damaged during an earthquake in 1766. On Mustafa III's behest the mosque was demolished and rebuilt by Mehmed Tahir (1771) in the Baroque style.
The mosque is currently under restoration to repair damage caused by the earthquake of 1999.

Text and photo Archnet.org

40231358.302FatihMosquedomeb.jpg

Photo by Dick Osseman

Más sobre Fatih Mehmet the Conqueror.Camii 1462-1470

169: Bayezit II Camii and KÃ¼lliye 1501-1505

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Beyazit II Camii and KÃ¼lliye
Architect Mimar Hayreddin or Yakupsah bin Sultansah
1501-1505

This complex and its surrounding neighborhood and square, all named after Bayezid II, was built between 1501 and 1505 on the grounds of the Forum Theodosius (Forum Tauri), which was flanked by the Roman Capitol. It is the second large Ottoman complex built in Istanbul after Fatih, and the third complex built by Bayezid II (1481-1512) after Amasya and Edirne, and was operated with the income of PirinÃ?Â§ Han in Bursa and a han, bedesten and baths in Salonica.
The mosque's dome was partially rebuilt after the 1509 earthquake, and Mimar Sinan conducted repairs in 1573-74. The structure of the Bayezid mosque is considered a stepping stone between early Ottoman architecture and classical Ottoman architecture, characterized by a central dome held by semi-domes on all four sides.

Plan of the complex

Floor plan of complex showing (1) mosque with mausoleums of Bayezid II and his daughter SelÃ§uk Hatun, (2) hospice and caravanserai, (3) madrasa, (4) double bath, (5) elementary school, (6) old palace

Main courtyard portal known as palace portal (saray kapisi) facing northwest, with domed ablution fountain seen through the entryway

The courtyard

Interior: main dome and two side halfdomes

Photos and Text from Archnet.org

Más sobre Bayezit II Camii and KÃ¼lliye 1501-1505

170: Bali Pasha Mosque 1504-1505

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Bali Pasha Mosque
1504-1505

The mosque was built on commission by Bali Pasha and his wife, HÃ¼ma HatÃ¼n.

Floor Plan and elevation from Archnet.org

Más sobre Bali Pasha Mosque 1504-1505

171: Yavuz Sultan Selim I Mosque 1519-1522

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Yavuz Sultan Selim I Mosque
1519-1522
Architect: Alauddin
As stated on the inscriptive plaque on the mosque's portal. the complex was commissioned by SÃ¼leyman I (Kanuni, the Magnificent) in honor of his late father Selim I (Yavuz Sultan Selim). It was completed in 1522. Only the mosque, hospices, Quranic School and royal tombs remain of the kÃ¼lliye which once also included a hostel for pilgrims, a medrese, double baths, and soup kitchen. The buildings occupy the fifth hill of the historic peninsula, a prominent site adjoining the 5th-century open air cistern Aspar. It is widely accepted that the complex is the work of chief architect AlaÃ¼ddin, known as Acem Ali (Slave or Persian Ali).

Muquarnas (staliktites) above the entrance to the mosque

Detail of a column supporting the courtyard porch

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Yavuz Sultan Selim I Mosque 1519-1522

172: Edirne RÃ¼stem Pasha Caravanseray 16th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Edirne
RÃ¼stem Pasha Caravanseray
16th cent, restored 1972
Arichitect Minmar Sinan

Sinan's caravanserai (once a warehouse and overnight stop for camel caravans) is located in the historical centre of the city. Built in the 16th century by the great architect, it was restored and converted into a 150-room hotel in 1972. Although the restoration itself represents a high standard of conception and performance, the hotel conversion proved impractical. The complex is now a "pious" monument open to the public.

Isometric plan

View from the restored rooftops onto Sinan's Selimiye mosque. The domes of the caravanseray were completely reconstructed with concrete and supported by concrete beams

EdirneRustemPashaCaravanserayRooftops.jp

EdirneRustemPashaCaravanserayRooftops.jp

Text and photos fromArchnet.org

Más sobre Edirne RÃ¼stem Pasha Caravanseray 16th cent

173: Edirne Selimiye Camii Edirne 1567-74

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Edirne
Selimiye Camii 1567-74
Architect: Mimar Sinan

The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Selim II and was built by architect Mimar Sinan between 1568 and 1574. Sinan considered it his masterpiece. It is one of the highest achievements of Islamic architecture.

Photos by Dick Osseman

29120738.EdirneSelimiyeoverview1b.jpg

Isometric drawing

Text and isometric drawing from Archnet.org

Más sobre Edirne Selimiye Camii Edirne 1567-74

174: Haseki HÃ¼rrem Sultan Mosque and KÃ¼lliye 1538-1539

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Haseki HÃ¼rrem Sultan Mosque and KÃ¼lliye 1538-1539
Architect Mimar Sinan
Built for Haseki HÃ¼rrem Sultan, the wife of SÃ¼leyman the Magnificent, this kÃ¼lliye is the first important complex to be taken on by Sinan after he was appointed chief architect. It is composed of a mosque, a medrese, a primary school, a hospital, and a refectory which was later added to the complex (1550). In situating his buildings at different angles and leaving narrow passages and gaps between them, Sinan chose an organic approach rarely to be seen in his subsequent works, resulting in rich perspective effects. (Text by Evliya, GE-BBS)

View of the painted dome and the squinches at its corners.

Isometric dawing and photos Archnet.orgi

Más sobre Haseki HÃ¼rrem Sultan Mosque and KÃ¼lliye 1538-1539

175: Barbarossa Hayrettin Pasha TÃ¼rbe 1541

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Barbarossa Hayrettin Pasha Tomb 1541
Architect Mimar Sinan
Barbarossa Hayrettin Pasha was the feared naval admiral of SÃ¼leyman the Magnificent. The type of tomb plan Sinan most labored over all his life was an octagon-based "TÃ¼rbe". This is one of his most perfect examples: both externally and internally octagonally shaped and decked with an eaved entrance.

(Photo and text modified from Evliya, GE-BBS)

Más sobre Barbarossa Hayrettin Pasha TÃ¼rbe 1541

176: Sehzade Mosque and KÃ¼lliye 1543 - 1548

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Sehzade Mosque and KÃ¼lliye 1543 - 1548
Architect: Mimar Sinan

At the age of 54, Sinan, the Great and already famed architect, considered himself an "apprentice" when he built the Sehzade Mosque, because it was here that he encountered the problem posed by the half-dome, though he came up with a very elegant solution using four half-domes.

Sultan SÃ¼leyman the Magnificent commissioned the mosque in memory of his beloved son, Prince Mehmet. The Sehzade KÃ¼lliye, which was completed before the mosque itself, was made up of the Tomb of Sehzade Mehmed, a theology school, a soup kitchen and a printing house. (

Old etching of the Sehzade Mosque. From Caltech.edu

Image and text adapted from Evliya, GE-BBS

Más sobre Sehzade Mosque and KÃ¼lliye 1543 - 1548

177: Mihrimah Mosque (Iskele) 1547-1548

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul-Ã?skÃ¼dar
Mihrimah Mosque (Iskele) 1547-1548
Architect Mimar Sinan

Next to a beautiful fountain and the ferry dock. The first of two mosques built for Mihrimah, the daughter of Sultan SÃ¼leyman and wife of RÃ¼stem Pasa. (Text modified from Evliya, GE-BBS)
Isometric drawing of the KÃ¼lliye.
Drawing and photo from Archnet.org)

And the Ã?skÃ¼dara fountain

Photo by emreander, Panoramio

Más sobre Mihrimah Mosque (Iskele) 1547-1548

178: SÃ¼lemaniye Mosque and KÃ¼lliye 1551-1558

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
SÃ¼lemaniye Camii and KÃ¼lliye
1551- 1558
Architect Mimar Sinan

Sinan's SÃ¼lemaniye was intended to be the architectural answer to Justinian's Hagia Sophia, which had already served as a model for many other Ottoman mosques in Istanbul. Sinan's Sulimaniye surpasses in rational symmetry, and light-filled space all earlier Ottoman precedents, as well as the Hagia Sophia. It is possible that the dialogue between Istanbul and Italy contributed to Sinan's enthusiasm for symmetrical and rational forms, as promoted by writers like Alberti.
As a self-conscious representation of SÃ¼leyman's dream as a 'second Solomon' it also references the Dome of the Rock, built on the site of the Temple of Solomon, as well as Justinian's boast upon the completion of the Hagia Sophia: "Solomon, I have surpassed thee!" The SÃ¼leymaniye, similar in magnificence to the preceding structures, asserts Sultan SÃ¼leyman's historical importance. The structure is nevertheless smaller in size than its older archetype, the Hagia Sophia. - Following 3 Photos Rolf Gross, 1954/1990.

Iznik tiles on the tÃ¼rbe, the tomb of Sultan SÃ¼leyman the Magnificent and his wife Haseki HÃ¼rrem Sultan in the cemetery of the SÃ¼leymaniye. Mimar Sinan is also buried there.

Floor plan of the complex, showing (1) mosque, (2) mausoleum of SÃ¼leyman, (3) mausoleum of HÃ¼rrem, (4) Koran recitation school, (5) public fountain, (6) elementary school, (7) first (evvel) madrasa, (8) second (sani) madrasa, (9) remains of medical school, (10) hospital, (11) hospice, (12) guesthouse, (13) Sinan's tomb with domed sabil and empty plot of his endowed school and residence, (14) the janissary agha's residence, (15) third (salis) madrasa, (16) fourth (rabi) madrasa, (17) bathhouse, (18) hadith college, (19) madrasa near the palace of Fatma Sultan and Siyavus Pasa.
Text and above plans from Archnet.org

It seems befitting to end this description wirh Tizian's (1530) portrait of SÃ¼leyman the Magnificent

From Wikepedia.

Más sobre SÃ¼lemaniye Mosque and KÃ¼lliye 1551-1558

179: Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque 1551

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque
1551
Architect Mimar Sinan

This is an example of the first stage of single-domed mosques in which Sinan managed to widen the interior space by adding two buttresses to each side wall. It prefigures the octagonal based dome plan Sinan was later to realise. The smooth passage from the walls to the dome is ensured by trompes invisible from the outside. This mosque's plan bears a striking resemblance to that of the Bali Pasha Mosque (1504-1505).

IstanbulHadim Ibrahim PashaIso.jpg

Interior showing the trompes which integrate the dome and the square base.

IstanbulHadim Ibrahim PashaInterior.jpg

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Hadim Ibrahim Pasha Mosque 1551

180: Zal Mahmut Pasha Mosque 1551-1566

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Zal Mahmut Pasha Mosque
1551-1566
Architect Mimar Sinan

The mosque is part of a kulliye commissioned by Zal Mahmud Pasha, one of the viziers of Selim II. The complex is masterfully planned on a sloping site, with two separate levels linked bya flight of stairs. Themosque and a medrese are situated on the higher level, while the lower part consists of another medrese and a tomb. The com- position is more organic than symmetric. Due to the slope, the mosque has a vaulted basement and a beautiful view over the Golden Horn. (Photo and text adapted from Evliya, GE-BBS)

Isometric Drawing

IstanbulZal Mahmut PashaIso.jpg

Isometric Drawing from Archnet.org

Más sobre Zal Mahmut Pasha Mosque 1551-1566

181: Sinan Pasha Mosque 1554-55/56

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Sinan Pasha Mosque
1554-55/56
Architect Mimar Sinan

In this mosque, Sinan re-evaluates the hexagonal plan of the UÃ§ Serefeli Mosque, managing to improve on its model.

Isometric Drawing

Photo and drawing Archnet.org

Más sobre Sinan Pasha Mosque 1554-55/56

182: Haseki HÃ¼rrem Sultan Hamam 1556

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Haseki HÃ¼rrem Sultan Hamam (1556)
Architect Mimar Sinan

The Haseki HÃ¼rrem Sultan Hamam (Bath) is a well preserved hamam open to visitors today. Here Sinan has juxtaposed the men's and the women's sections so as to create an interesting mirrored complex. (Text from Evliya, GE-BBS)

View of entry from the men's dressing room into the cool room

Entryway with multifoliate crown into the hot room

Photos from Archnet.org

A romantic sunset behind Sinan's hamam, from turkeytravelplanner.com

IstanbulHasekiHurremSultanHamamSunset.jp

Finally a picture of Haseki HÃ¼rrem Sultan, who hailed from Poland and was given to SÃ¼leyman as a present. A formidable woman with many legends to her credit, she became SÃ¼leyman's favorite wife.

Photo from .atamanhotel.com

Más sobre Haseki HÃ¼rrem Sultan Hamam 1556

183: RÃ¼stem Pasha Mosque 1561-63

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
RÃ¼stem Pasha Mosque 1561-63
Architect Mimar Sinan
<./center>RÃ¼stem Pasha was Sultan SÃ¼leyman the Magnificent's Grand Vizier and was married to his prefered daughter, Mihrimah. This little gem of a mosque was built by Sinan. It is covered inside and out with beautiful blue Iznik tiles

The porch. - Photo by Dick Osseman
28772601.666Istanbul_Rstem_Pasha_Mosque0

28772601.666Istanbul_Rstem_Pasha_Mosque0

The tiled interior

The dome

Interior photos and Isometric Drawing from Archnet.org

Más sobre RÃ¼stem Pasha Mosque 1561-63

184: Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Edirnekapi 1563-70

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul-Edirnekapi
Mihrimah Sultan Mosque
1563-70
Architect Mimar Sinan

Mihrimah Mosque is one of Sinan's most astounding designs. Mihrimah was the daughter of sultan SÃ¼leyman the Magnificent and wife of the Grand Vizier RÃ¼stem Pasha.
It is the "Gothic" mosque among Sinan's buildings. The non-bearing walls are broken by several dozens of windows flooding the interior with a profusion of light. The dome seems to be nearly weightlessly suspended on four slender pilasters and 6 collumns, the only weight-bearing supports . There are no outside buttresses. A stunning piece of structural engineering.

Structurally the window walls appear nearly weightless

Tthe same wall from the inside: light everywhere

The seemingly floating dome

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Mihrimah Sultan Mosque Edirnekapi 1563-70

185: Kara (Gazi) Ahmed Pasha Mosque 1565-1572

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Kara (Gazi) Ahmed Pasha Mosque
1565-1572
Architect Mimar Sinan

Havier and not as daring as the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, this mosque is part of a kÃ¼lliye which includes a medrese, a primary school and a tomb The complex was commissioned by Kara Ahmet Pasha, one of Kanuni Sultan Suleyman's sadrazams (Prime Minister). The medrese and the mosque share the same courtyard while the primary school and the tomb are located at a distance from the mosque.

Interior view from upper gallery, looking towards qibla wall

Interior view showing mihrab and minbar

Interior detail; painted wooden ceiling of muezzin's platform (mÃ¼ezzin mahfili)

"

Isometric Drawing

Drawing and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Kara (Gazi) Ahmed Pasha Mosque 1565-1572

186: Piyale Pasha Mosque 1565-73

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Piyale Pasha Mosque
1565-73
Architect Mimar Sinan

This kind of conservative floorplan is called "Ulucami". it goes back to the Omayyad mosque in Damascus and the lesser Byzantine churches of Constantinople. The Ulucamii in Bursa is another, earlier example. It appears like a fall-back in Sinan's development so much so that some scholars doubt Sinan's authorship. Perhaps it was the client's wish.

Historical photo from the beginning of the 20th century

It was recently restored, the porch had collapsed. The interior is again charmed by old-fatherly bands of tile inscriptions:

Plan and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Piyale Pasha Mosque 1565-73

187: Sokullu Mehmet Pasha Mosque Kardirga 1567-1571

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul- Kadirga
Sokollu Mehmed Pasa Complex
1567-1571
Architect Mimar Sinan

Sokullu Mehmet Pasha Mosque is located southwest of the Blue Mosque. It is another of Sinan's designs built in 1572 for Grand Vizier Sokullu Mehmet Pasha. It's interior is beautifully tiled in a dominant blue colour.
Portico and ablution fountain

The tiled interior:

Blue tiles near the quibla

foundation inscription above northern portal

Plan and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Sokullu Mehmet Pasha Mosque Kardirga 1567-1571

188: Sokullu Mehmet Pasha Mosque-Azapkapi 1573-1578

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Sokullu Mehmet Pasha Mosque-Azapkapi
1573-1578
Architect Mimar Sinan

This mosque is an interpretation of the octagonal plan of the Selimiye in Edirne, with semidomes or trompes added to each angle of the octagon. The latecomers' porch is walled in, while the mosque rises above a basement which serves as a warehouse, as in the case of the RÃ¼stem Pasha Mosque. .

IstanbulSokulluMehmetPashaMosque-Azapkap

Plan and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Sokullu Mehmet Pasha Mosque-Azapkapi 1573-1578

189: Sultan Selim II's Tomb 1577

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Sultan Selim II's Tomb 1577
Architect Mimar Sinan

The Tomb of Selim II holds a special place among the tombs designed by Sinan. Its outward appearance consists of a square prism with bevelled corners and a superimposed octagonal prism buttressed with four trompes. The entrance porch is both domed and eaved. There is a recess on each side of the entrance. The wide eave overhangs are supported by iron stanchions.

Interior view showing the columns supporting the dome structure and sarcophagi belonging to Selim II and his family

Photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Sultan Selim II's Tomb 1577

190: Atik Valide Mosque and Kulliye 1571-1583

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul-Ã?skÃ¼dar
Atik Valide Mosque and KÃ¼lliye
1571-1583
Architect Mimar Sinan

This very large kÃ¼lliye was built for Princess Nurbanu. Nurbanu Sultan was the mother of Murad III and the wife of Selim II (son and successor of Kanuni Sultan SÃ¼leyman). Built again on sloping ground, it includes a mosque, a medrese, a tekke (dervish lodge), a dar-ul kurra and a dar-ul hadis, a hospital, a guesthouse, a kervansaray (with very large stables, including camel stables, being situated on the Anatolian shore), a refection hall, a hamam and a primary school. The buildings are situated on different levels, with the refectory, guesthouse, kervansaray and hospital forming an important autonomous social unit, separated from the group formed by the mosque, medrese and tekke by a street. The school is situated on an elevated storey, with a street passing through the void created below. Apart from the mosque, medrese and tekke, the buildings have lost much of their original appearance because of the misuses they have suffered at different times. (Text from Evliya, GE-BBS)

Floor plan of complex with a hypothetical reconstruction of its hospice-caravanserai-hospital block: (1) mosque, (2) madrasa, (3) convent, (4) elementary school, (5) hadith college and Koran recitation school, (6) fountain of Hasan Ã?Â?avus, (7) vestibule, (8) double caravanserai with stables, (9) hospice courtyard, (10) hospice kitchens, (11) guestrooms, (12) hospital, (13) double bath

Plans and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Atik Valide Mosque and Kulliye 1571-1583

191: KiliÃ§ Ali Pasha Mosque and KÃ¼lliye 1578 -1581

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
KiliÃ§ Ali Pasha Mosque and KÃ¼lliye
1578-1581
Architect Mimar Sinan

The kÃ¼lliye commissioned by KiliÃ§ Ali Pasha, one of Sultan Suleyman's admirals, is situated close to the sea, and consists of a mosque, a medrese, tomb, and a hamam.The plan of the mosque proper, with its lateral galleries surrounding the central area on three sides is reminiscent to that of Agh. Sophia. Its concept of space is different from that of the Suleymaniye, which also shares a similar plan. The central and lateral areas are separated from one another. Contrary to what Sinan had attempted until then, the plan is developed in length rather than in width. The dome rests on a square base, with supporting semidomes on two sides, and, on the two other sides, wide arched buttresses reaching from the piers to the outer wall. Even though the galleries advance as far as the central area, calling to mind the Mahmud II Mosque, the arches supporting the dome remain much higher than the upper galleries. The latecomers' porch is doubled. The mihrab and pulpit as well as the tiles and ornamental paintings are interesting. - Interior view from the galleries towards the mihrab.

Isometric drawing

Text, photo, and plan from Archnet.org

Más sobre KiliÃ§ Ali Pasha Mosque and KÃ¼lliye 1578 -1581

192: Semsi Ahmet Pasa KÃ¼lliyesi 1580-81

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul-Ã?skÃ¼dar
Semsi Ahmet Pasa KÃ¼lliyesi
1580-81
Architect Mimar Sinan

Although this mosque is small in size, it is remarkable because of its mass and composition, and the way it is situated right on the sea shore. With the tomb of Semsi Ahmet Pasha adjacent to the mosque, and the L-shaped medrese surrounding the courtyard on an independent axis, Sinan has designed a very original, assymetric kulliye, perfectly adapted to the coast line.

Text and above photo from Archnet.org

Following photos Rolf Gross, 1990

Cemetery of the Semsi Ahmet Pasa KÃ¼lliye

Más sobre Semsi Ahmet Pasa KÃ¼lliyesi 1580-81

193: Nisanci Mehmet Pasha Mosque 1584 -1589

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Nisanci Mehmet Pasha Mosque
1584 -1589
Architect Mimar Sinan

Some scholars do not consider this mosque to be one of Sinan's works, attributing it to Davut Aga. However, if the mosque is studied carefully, it becomes obvious that it constitutes an important step in the development of Sinan's octagonal plan. Here the central dome is no longer fitted into a simple square structure, and the mosque, as in the case of Kadirga Sokollu and Molla Celebi, becomes a truly unified space covered with a single main dome and its integrated semi domes. This basic unity of design is broken however by two cloister vaults covering the entrance and its neighbouring areas. (Text from Evliya, GE-BBS)

Floor plan

Photos and plan from Archnet.org

Más sobre Nisanci Mehmet Pasha Mosque 1584 -1589

194: Erzurum Lala Mustafa Pasa Mosque 1562-1563

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Erzurum
Lala Mustafa Pasa Mosque
1562-1563
Architect: Mimar Sinan
Lala Mustapha Pasa Mosque seems to be the only Ottoman Mosque in Erzurum - a simple provincial mosque with a single minaret. It deserves our attention because it was built by Sinan!

Interior

Photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Erzurum Lala Mustafa Pasa Mosque 1562-1563

195: Van, KÃ¶se HÃ¼srev Pasa Camii 1567-1568, 1587-88

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Van, Anatolia
KÃ¶se HÃ¼srev Pasa Camii
1567-1568, 1587-88
Architect Miman Sinan

The mosque below the Van castle.

VanKose HusrevPasha.jpg

The mausoleum, which was destroyed 1915 during the Russo-Turkish War

VanKose HusrevPashaTurbe.jpg

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Van, KÃ¶se HÃ¼srev Pasa Camii 1567-1568, 1587-88

196: Diyarbakir Hadim Ali Pasa Camii 1541-1544

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Diyarbakir, Anatolia
Hadim Ali Pasa Camii
1541-1544
Architect Mimar Sinan
Ottoman

The architectural surprise of town are three mosques by Mimar Sinan -- in the wild Kurdish town of Diyarbakir!? - This is Sinan's earliest mosque in Diyarbakir.

Interior view of the qibla wall. The mosques of Diyarbakir are carpeted with beautiful local Kurdish rugs

Photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Diyarbakir Hadim Ali Pasa Camii 1541-1544

197: Diyarbakir Iskender Pasa Camii 1551-1565

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Diyarbakir, Anatolia
Iskender Pasa Camii
1551-1565
Architect Mimar Sinan
Ottoman

Built at the same time as Sinan's SÃ¼lemaniye in Istanbul (1551- 1558) it is by comparison an unpretentious complex. Interior view

Photo from Archnet.org

Más sobre Diyarbakir Iskender Pasa Camii 1551-1565

198: Diyarbakir Behram Pasa Camii 1564-1573

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Diyarbakir, Anatolia
Behram Pasa Camii
1564-1573
Architect Mimar Sinan
Ottoman

The last of the three graceful Sinan mosques. - Its entry porch is a reminder of his RÃ¼stem Pasha Mosque (1561-63) in Istanbul.

Two tone ashlar masonry using the local black stone and knotted columns reminiscent of Seljuk architecture.

Photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Diyarbakir Behram Pasa Camii 1564-1573

199: Damascus, Sultan Sulayman Mosque 1544-1558

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Damascus, Syria
Takiyya Sulaymaniyya, Sultan Sulayman Mosque
1544-1558 (15/67 madrasa)Mimar Sinan

This major takiyya complex was built on the ruins of Qasr al-Ablaq by the Ottoman Sultan Sulayman I. A separate madrasa was added to the southeast of the takiyya complex by Selim II. Text and photos from Archnet.org.

The courtyard with pool

Isometric drawing

Text, photos, and drawing from Archnet.org

Más sobre Damascus, Sultan Sulayman Mosque 1544-1558

200: Adiliyya Mosque Aleppo 1556-1565

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

HÃ¼srev Pasha Camii or Adiliyya Mosque
Aleppo 1556 - 1565/66
Architect Mimar Sinan

The Adiliyah Mosque, located in the Saffahiyah district, was built by the Wali Mohammed Basha in 1556. The mosque has a main courtyard with a covered water pool. A double parallel colonnade creates the mediating space between the courtyard and the north side of the main prayer hall. The prayer hall is square in plan each side measuring 23m. The mosque has one cylindrical minaret built in the Ottoman style.

Floor plan and elevation

Text. photos and plan from Archnet.org

Más sobre Adiliyya Mosque Aleppo 1556-1565

201: Sultan Ahmed - Blue Mosque 1609 - 1619

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Sultan Ahmed Mosque
1609 - 1619
Architect Sedefkar Mehmed Aga
The photo shows the incomparable geographical, strategic and commercial position of Constantinople-Istanbul, one of the youngest cities in the Eastern Mediterranean (324 AD). The Sultan Ahmed mosque is in the foreground and Agia Sofia in the distance.

The Sultanahmet Mosque, commonly known as the Blue Mosque because of the KÃ?Â¼tiyah tiles in blue, green and turquoise that cover most of its interior. The mosque is the central element of the complex built by Ahmed I (1603-1617) and was completed after the sultan's death in 1617. Its architect is Mehmed Aga (d.1622). The mosque is considered to be the last example of Ottoman classical architecture; Mehmed Aga was an apprentice of Sinan (1450?-1588) and Davud Aga (d.1598), two architects whose works defined the style of this period.
Sultan Ahmed Mosque seen from the Agia Sofia (photos Rolf Gross 1954)

Interior view of one of the four massive columns and the blue tiles that give the mosque its name. The difference in the dynamic structure between Sinan and Mehmed Aga are clearly visible. This dome sits solidly on its four feet and is no match to the stuctural elegance of Sinan's creations. The beautiful tiles distract and hide its architectural details. It seems, after all, justified to call it the Blue Mosque.

Text and last two images from Archnet.org

Más sobre Sultan Ahmed - Blue Mosque 1609 - 1619

202: Yeni Camii - New Mosque 1597-1603, 1661-1663

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Yeni Cami "New Mosque"
1597-1603 and 1661-1663
Architect Davud Aga, Dalgic Mehmed Aga, and Mustafa Aga

The Yeni Cami or New Mosque was begun in 1597 by Safiye Sultan, the mother of Mehmed III (1595-1603) and completed more than half a century later by Turhan Hatice Sultan, the mother of Mehmed IV (1648-1687). The mosque stands in a long tradition of architectural patronage by Ottoman queen mothers or valides.
The first architect was Davud Aga. He was replaced by Dalgic Mehmed Aga after Davud's death in 1598 until work halted in 1603. Mustafa Aga completed the mosque between 1661 and 1663.

28772564.0054Istanbul_EskiOld_Mosque4144

28772564.0054Istanbul_EskiOld_Mosque4144

Photo by Dick Osseman

The interior is covered with Iznik tiles. Detail showing the springing of an arch from the pier -the transition point from tile panels to painted decoration- and multi-tiered muqarnas cornice above

View looking up at the grand arch separating the central dome and the northeast semi-dome; the gilt cornice of the northeast arcade is seen protruding at top

Vaulting detail showing the transition from the central dome to a semi-dome and its three exedra semi-domes (right); the names of Caliph Ali and his sons Hasan and Huseyn are written on black medallions from left to right

Text and last 3 photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Yeni Camii - New Mosque 1597-1603, 1661-1663

203: Nuru -Osmaniye Camii 1748-1756

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Nuru-Osmaniye Mosque
1748-1756
Architect: Simeon Kalfa
Ottoman Baroque

Construction on the Nuruosmaniye Complex began in 1749 during the rule of Mahmud I (1730-1754) and was completed by his brother and successor Osman III (1754-1757) in 1755. In style, the complex is distinguished by the adoption of baroque design elements that reflect the westernizing vision of Mahmud I. The name Nuruosmaniye, or the Light of Osman, is thought to refer to Osman III and to a verse from the Sura of Al-Nur, "God is the light of the heavens and the earth", which is inscribed inside the dome.

General view in an older photograph showing the soup-kitchen (left) and the medrese (right) in the foreground

Overall the interior design follows classsical predcedent, the advent of the Baroque is restricted to its external details:

Exterior detail showing transition from dome buttress to corner pier and the cornice of a grand arch supporting the dome

Or the curved courtyard clearly visible from outer space:

Photos and text from Archnet.org

Más sobre Nuru -Osmaniye Camii 1748-1756

204: Laleyi (Tulip) Mosque 1760-63

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Istanbul
Laleyi (Tulip) Mosque
1760-63
Ottoman Baroque

View looking up at the dome and its eight supporting arches, with the mihrab apse seen at the bottom center. The gilt lattice of the royal lodge appears at the upper left corner. The painting of the domes may be old-fashioned, but the outside details are Ottoman Baroque:

Exterior detail, showing stabilizing turret crowning pier at the courtyard end of the soutwest arcade and curved outline of cornice

Detail from sabil, showing bronze latticework on concave windows and inscriptive panels separated by fluted pilasters below the wide segmented eaves

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Laleyi (Tulip) Mosque 1760-63

205: Seyitgazi, Battal Gazi Takkiya 1208-1511

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Seyitgazi, Eskishehir
Seyyid Battal Gazi Takkiya
Bektasi Sufi Tekke
1208-1511
Seldjuk-Ottoman

The complex is dedicated to (Seyyid) Battal Gazi, an epic hero based on a warrior who fought with the Umayyad army against Byzantium and who is believed to have been martyred on the site. It is built into the eastern slopes of Ã?Ã§ler Hill overlooking Seyitgazi, a Turcoman village near the Roman-Byzantine settlement of Nicolea, which grew in size and in importance during the Ottoman period.
The complex as it appears today consists of domed masonry structures enveloping three sides of a terraced courtyard. The funerary madrasa of Ã?mmÃ¼han Hatun is located at the southwest corner, while the tomb of Battal Gazi, khanqah mosque and semahane form a cluster at the southeast corner.
The Seljuk complex was renovated and enlarged during the rule of Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II (1448-1512), establishing it as a convent (khanqah) of the Kalenderi sect. Revered by the larger Alevi, Bektasi and Ahi communities, the khanqah functioned as a Bektasi khanqah from the 17th century until its demise in the early 19th century.
The dervish cells and halls on the east and north sides of the courtyard are all equipped with furnaces; their numerous domes and chimneys dominate a dynamic skyline of the khanqah complex.

The tekke on its hill above the village (photos 1913)

Floor plan

Text, photos, and plan from Archnet.org

Más sobre Seyitgazi, Battal Gazi Takkiya 1208-1511

206: Amasya Bayezid Pasa Takkiya 1414

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Amasya
Amasya Bayezid Pasa Dervish Tekke and Mosque
1414
Architect: Ebu Bekir bin Mehmed Museymes of Aleppo

Bayezid Pasa was build during the mayoralty of Bayezid Pasa in Amasya in 1414, prior to his appointment as grand vizier by Mehmed I. The pasha acquired a large number of windmills, agricultural land, gardens, stores and public baths in the area to provide income for the religious endowment or waqf (vakif) responsible for the operation and maintenance of the mosque.

The inside layout is unique, the domed central hall gives access to six rooms: four large rooms to the east and west and two narrow cells flanking the entrance. The large rooms, once used by dervishes, are equipped with plaster furnaces and shelving. They are domed, with two small lanterns atop the two northern domes.

Text, photo, and plan from Archnet.org

Más sobre Amasya Bayezid Pasa Takkiya 1414

207: Amasya YÃ¶rgÃ¼Ã§ Pasa Takkiya 1428

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Amasya
YÃ¶rgÃ¼Ã§ Pasa Dervish Tekke and Mosque
1428

The mosque was built by YÃ¶gÃ¼Ã§ Pasha, son of Atabey Abdullah, in 1428. Abdullah was a teacher (atabey) of Mehmed I (1403-1421) and a vizier under his successor Murad II (1421-1451) and served as the ruler of Amasya in 1424.

Photo and text from Archnet.org

Más sobre Amasya YÃ¶rgÃ¼Ã§ Pasa Takkiya 1428

208: Dogubayazid Ishak Pasha Seray 1784

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Dogubayazit
Ishak Pasha Seray
1784
Architect probably Ishak Pasha
Rural Palace

The Ishak Pasha Seray is one of the most beautiful and romantic Ottoman palaces, not the least because of its breathtaking lonely location. It was commissioned by the local Kurdish Ottoman governor Ishak Pasa and took ninety-nine years to complete in 1784. Ishak Pasa is also thought to be the architect of the palace.
The Palace suffered serious damage during several wars, beginning with the Russian siege in 1828. Its entry doors and other wooden architectural pieces were stolen and can be admired in the Ermitage Museum of Sankt Petersburg.
The inner courtyard (enderun) is about twenty by thirty-five meters. It includes an administrative section, a mosque, madrasa (medrese) to the north, servant rooms and stables to the south, a double-story structure housing the guards to the east. The harem section is slightly higher in elevation than the inner courtyard. It is surrounded by pleasure gardens (hasbahÃ?Â§e) on three sides, and has a ceremonial hall (muayede salonu), kitchen (mutfak), cellar (kiler), baths (hamam) and many rooms. - Visiting the place in 1990 I could rid myself of the impression that this castle had really been a Sufi Tekke. See, for example, the Seygazi Battal Takkiya near Eskeshehir.

(Photos Rolf Gross 1990 and from Archnet.org)

The dome of the mosque (Archnet.org)

Entry gate to the "harem" from the inner courtyard (Archnet.org).

View from a window in the "harem" (Rolf Gross 1990):

Más sobre Dogubayazid Ishak Pasha Seray 1784

209: Banja Luka Ferhad Pasha Mosque 1579-1580

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Banja Luka, Bosnia-Hercegovina
Ferhad Pasha Mosque 1579-1580

The mosque complex included a madrasa (medrese), a Quranic school (mekteb), a dar al-hadith, a bathhouse (hamam), a fountain (Cesme), clocktower (saat kulesi or sahat kula), three tombs (turbe) and a cemetery. A caravanserai (kervansaray) and a market (bedesten or bezistan) were also built at the same time. An inscription over the main entrance of the mosque dated construction to 1579, which corresponds to Ferhad Pasha's rule as the district governor of Bosnia. (sancakbey) (Ottoman Period). Some experts believe the Ottoman architect Sinan was born in this area.
The Ferhad Pasha Complex was blown up during Bosnia's inter-ethnic war on May 7, 1993 in the early morning hours. After destroying the buildings on the site, Serbian nationalists bulldozed and removed the debris of the destruction.

Photo and Text from Archnet.org

Más sobre Banja Luka Ferhad Pasha Mosque 1579-1580

210: Ardabil Shaykh Safi al-Din Tomb 1335-17th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Ardabil, Azeri-Iran
Shaykh Safi al-Din Tomb
1335-17th cent
Il-Khanid, Safavid
Shaykh Safi al-Din Ardabili (1252-1334) was the founder of the "Safawiyyah" Sufi-Order and the father of the Safavid Dynasty. His tomb in Ardabil still shows the Timurid-Il-Khan influence. Next to it on the right stands Shah Ismail I's tomb a true 17th cent Safavid building. These two tombs are the perfect juxtaposition of Timurid and Safavid architecture.

Photo and text from Archnet.org

Más sobre Ardabil Shaykh Safi al-Din Tomb 1335-17th cent

211: Tabriz Masjid-i Muzaffariyya 1465

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Tabriz, Iran
Masjid-i Muzaffariyya, Blue Mosque
1465
Qara Qoyunlu

Tabriz was the early capital of the Safavids until Shah Abbas I moved it to the safety of Isfahan.
The mosque, now in ruins, was once a complex which included a tomb, cistern, library and khanqah (mental institution). The function of the remaining building, itself in a state of ruin, has not been definitively identified (Sufi Tekke?). Named Blue Mosque for its unrivalled tile decor of which there are remnants. Both interior and exterior surfaces were once covered in a variety of tiles. The remains of tile mosaics, underglaze-painted and overglaze-painted tiles and luster tiles attest to the richness of the decorative scheme. Patterns are rendered in subtle colors with extensive use of cobalt blue as a ground for inscriptions and arabesque designs in gold and white. The dome was a deep blue, stenciled with gold patterns.
Extensive rebuilding took place between 1950 and 1966. The dome over the central chamber dates from this period, as do the undecorated interior walls.
The following photos (1999 after the restoration) remind one in design, detail, and layout of the sophisticated tile moasics in Timur's Aq Serai in Shakh-i Zabz (around 1400).

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Tabriz Masjid-i Muzaffariyya 1465

212: Mahan, Nur ad-Din Ni'matullah Shrine 1437

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Mahan, Iran
Shah Nur ad-Din Ni'matullah Vali Shrine
1437 (Safavid reconstruction 1601)
Timurid, Safavid, Qajar

In 1406 Aleppo-born Sufi shaykh, and later saint, Shah Nur ad-Din Ni'matullah Vali moved to Mahan, a village outside Kirman, where he established an order of dervishes. He died in 1431 aged over 100. In 1436 a shrine was erected in his honor and became a pilgrimage site; with the attention of successive rulers contributing various additions over the centuries.
The shrine complex as it now stands, comprises three courtyards arranged axially communicating with dependent structures. The earliest work is attributed to the Bahmanid ruler Ahmed I Vali who erected the sanctuary chamber in 1436. Shah Abbas I undertook extensions and renovations in 1601, including renovation or reconstruction of the dome.

View of the shrine

Aerial view of the dome

Minaret and detail of roof construction

MahanNuradDinNimatullahMinaretRoofDet.jp

Construction of the small domes on the roof. Armenian influences durng Shah Abbas' time?

Detail

Text and photos fromArchnet.org

Más sobre Mahan, Nur ad-Din Ni'matullah Shrine 1437

213: Kerman Masjid-e Jame 1349/ 1559

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Kerman, Iran
Masjid-e Jame - Friday Mosque
1349 and 1559
Muzaffarid and Safavid

North portal (14th cent) and, to the left, the tracts added in the 16th cent.

Interior detail of north portal, showing tile mosaic with kufic inscriptions (1349)

Detail of the tile covering (1559)

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Kerman Masjid-e Jame 1349/ 1559

214: Kerman Ganj-i Ali Khan Caravansaray 1598

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Kerman, Iran
Ganj-i Ali Khan Caravanserai and Mosque
1598
Architect Ustad Muhammad Yazd
Safavid

The caravanserai is located on the east side of the Ganj-i Ali Khan Square. Its portal bears a foundation inscription from 1598 composed by calligrapher Ali-Reza Abbasi. Its architect was Ustad Muhammad Yazd.
The plan of the caravanserai is based on the four-iwan typology, with double-story halls centered on tall iwans enveloping four sides of an open courtyard. There is an octagonal fountain at the center of the courtyard which is chamfered at the corners. The caravanserai measures 32 by 23 meters. It has a small domed mosque at one corner that measures 5.5 by 5 meters.

Eastern tract

KermanGanj-i AliKhanCaravanserai.jpg

Northern tract

KermanGanj-i AliKhanCaravanseraiCourtyar

Detail of tiled spandrels of north ivan - note the figurative image of an angel (Gabriel?)

KermanGanj-i AliKhanCaravanseraiIvan.jpg

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Kerman Ganj-i Ali Khan Caravansaray 1598

215: Kerman Hamam-e Ganj Ali Khan Bath 1611

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Kerman, Iran
Hamam-e Ganj Ali Khan
Bath Museum
1611
Safavid
Built in 1631, the Ganj-i Ali Baths are located on the southern side of Ganj-i Ali Square, off a section of Vakil Bazaar known as Bazar-i Ganj-i Ali Khan. It is composed of a disrobing room, cold room and hot room, all covered with domes carried on squinches. The baths were converted into an ethnological museum in 1971.
Interior: hot room with octagonal pool. (With wax mannequins!!)

Dome of cool room

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Kerman Hamam-e Ganj Ali Khan Bath 1611

216: Kerman Windtowers 16th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Kerman, Iran
Wind towers
Kerman Bazaar
16th cent

Towers designed to catch the eveing breeze and direct it into Kerman's extensive covered bazaars (see the domed passage ways on the GE image).

Photo from Archnet.org

Más sobre Kerman Windtowers 16th cent

217: Bam Citadel 1st, 16-17th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Bam, Iran
Citadel, Arg-e-Bam
originally built 224-637, rebuilt 1502-1722
Mosque 866-903
Sassanid, Saffanid, Safavid

This marker is for a castle and a lost city not a religious building. The excuse for including it is that it is a formidable place - with excellent documentation in Archnet.org

The ruined city of Arg-e-Bam is made entirely of mud bricks, clay, straw, and the trunks of palm trees. The city was originally founded during the Sassanian period (224-637 AD) and while some of the surviving structures date from before the 12th century, most of what remains was built during the Safavid period (1502-1722).
During Safavid times, the city occupied six square kilometers and had between 9000 and 13,000 inhabitants. Bam prospered because of pilgrims visiting its Zoroastrian fire temple (dating to early Sassanian times) and as a commercial and trading center on the famous Silk Road. Upon the site of the Zoroastrian temple the Jame Mosque was built during the Saffarian period (866-903 AD). Adjacent to the mosque is the tomb of Mirza Naiim, a mystic and astronomer who lived three hundred years ago.
Bam declined following an invasion by Afghans in 1722 and another by invaders from Shiraz in 1810. The city was used as a barracks for the army until 1932 and then completely abandoned. Intensive restoration work began in 1953 and continued through 2003.
On 26 December 2003, an 6.7 magnitude earthquake struck Bam and claimed more than 40'000 lives. Over 70% of the buildings were completelty destroyed.

Model of the Safavid city

Photograph from the crenalleted mud walls into the reconstructed city (1996)

Children playing soccer in the ruins (1996)

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Bam Citadel 1st, 16-17th cent

218: Isfahan Naghshe Jahan Square 1602-1620

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Isfahan, Iran
Naghshe Jahan Square
The Golden Age of Esfahan arrived in the 16th century under Shah Abbas I (1587-1629) who made it the new capital of the Safavid dynasty.
The square is surrounded by buildings from the Safavid era. The Shah Mosque is situated on the south side of this square. On the west side you can find Ali Qapu Palace. Sheikh Lotf Allah Mosque is situated on the eastern side of this square. The northern side opens into the Isfahan Grand Bazaar.

Naghshe Jahan Square looking south towards the Shah Abbas complex

Text and photo from Wikipedia - Isfahan.

Más sobre Isfahan Naghshe Jahan Square 1602-1620

219: New Julfa 1606-20th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

New Julfa, Isfahan, Iran
Armenian quarter
1606-20th cent.

This part of Isfahan was and still is, though deminished, home to a large Armenian minority who has sad origins, but contributed much to Isfahan's architecture.
1605 Abbas I forcibly moved more than 150 000 Armenias from northwest Iran (Azerbaidjan) into new quarters at Isfahan, which he named New Julfa, after the city where most of them came from. The Armenians were excellent merchants, brought their knowledge of seri-culture with them, and were skilled master builders. It is probably no exaggeration that Shah Abbas I's ambitous urban projects in Isfahan and especially the mosques and medrese of the Safavid period were built by Armenian craftsmen.
In exchange for their services the Armenian community was given privileges which far exceeded those of the contemporary Ottoman Empire. See New Julfa in Wikepedia

Más sobre New Julfa 1606-20th cent

220: Isfahan Sheikh Lutfallah Mosque 1603-1619

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Isfahan, Iran
Sheikh Lutfallah Mosque
1603-1619
Safavid

Thought to be a palace chapel, the Mosque of Shaykh Lutfallah was built under Shah Abbas I, located slightly off axis across the maidan from the Ali Qapu, the entrance portal to the palace complex. Inscriptions identify the architect as Ustad Muhammad Riza B. Husein.

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Isfahan Sheikh Lutfallah Mosque 1603-1619

221: Isfahan Shah Abbas I Mosque 1611-1638

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Isfahan, Iran
Shah Abbas I Mosque
1611-1638
Safavid

The Shah mosque was built as the space for public worship in Shah Abbas' new urban plan for Isfahan, but was not completed until the reign of his successor, Safi I.
Formally reflecting the bazaar portal on the north wall of the meydan, the entrance portal to the Mosque is recessed into the center of the arcade on the south wall. Between the entrance portal and the central four-iwan courtyard is a domed vestibule that enters the apse of the north iwan at a 45 degree angle. This transition accommodates the angle between the meydan axis with which the portal is aligned, and the mosque orientation toward Mecca.

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Photo by by Rezakhaniha Rana, Panoramio

Photo byby hamzeh.karbasi, Panoramio

Más sobre Isfahan Shah Abbas I Mosque 1611-1638

222: Isfahan Masjid-i Jami 8th - 17th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Isfahan, Iran
Masjid-i Jami
8th - 17th cent
Buyid, Seljuk, Safavid

The Friday Mosque as it stands now is the result of continual construction, reconstruction, additions and renovations on the site from around 771 to the end of the twentieth century. Archaeological excavation has determined an Abbasid hypostyle mosque in place by the 10th century. Buyid construction lined a faÃ?Â§ade around the courtyard and added two minarets that are the earliest example of the double minaret on record.
Construction under the Seljuks included the addition of two brick domed chambers, for which the mosque is renowned. The south dome was built to house the mihrab in 1086-87 by Nizam al-Mulk, the famous vizier of Malik Shah, and was larger than any dome known at its time. The north dome was constructed a year later by Nizam al-Mulk's rival Taj al-Mulk.
further additions and modifications took place incorporating elements from the Mongols, Muzzafarids, Timurids and Safavids.
IsfahanMasjid-i Jami.jpg

Text and photo from Archnet.org

Photo by Vojta Srejber, Panoramio

BR>
Photo by Anders Hedelund, Panoramio

Más sobre Isfahan Masjid-i Jami 8th - 17th cent

223: Isfahan Masjid-i Hakim Mosque 1656-1662

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Isfahan, Iran
Masjid-i Hakim - Mosque of Al-Hakim
1656-1662
Safavid

Northern corner of courtyard wirh screenwall of the medresa on the left.

Axiometric view of the mosque

Text, photos, and plan from Archnet.org

Más sobre Isfahan Masjid-i Hakim Mosque 1656-1662

224: Isfahan Madar-i Shah Medresa 1706-1714

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Isfahan, Iran
Madar-i Shah Madrasa
1706-1714
Safavid

Commissioned by the last Safavid Shah, Husayn I, the Madrasa Madar-i Shah forms the western side of a complex lying perpendicular to the Chahar Bagh. Abutting the madrasa is a caravanserai (renovated to become the Shah Abbas Hotel) beyond which lie stables. These structures are connected by a bazaar, which lines each on their northern side. All four structures exhibit a precise symmetry and are composed with a strict axial concern for the Chahar Bagh.
The tile work is not of the quality available at the time of Shah Abbas' projects; the decoration is limited to geometric patterns instead of intricate floral designs. Blair and Bloom consider the Madar-i Shah complex 'the last major architectural achievement from the Safavid period', noting that 'the expansive scale and confident massing of forms set the style for architects in the following two centuries'.

Exterior view of the dome during restoration.

Text and photo from Archnet.org

Más sobre Isfahan Madar-i Shah Medresa 1706-1714

225: Multan, Shah Rukn-i-'Alam Tomb 1320-1324

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Multan, Pakistan
Shah Rukn-i-'Alam Mausoleum
1320-1324
Tughluqid
Architect Muhammad Wali Ullah Khan

Still subject to historical debate, the Mausoleum of the Suhrawardia saint Shaykh Rukn al-Din Abdul Fath is said to have been first built by Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq (1320-1325) for himself, yet later dedicated to the saint by Firuz Shah Tughlaq (reg. 1351-1388) at the request of Shaykh Sadr al-Din Muhammad, his adopted son and spiritual successor.
Also known as the Rukn-i-Alam or the pillar of the sky. It is the most prominent feature on the Multani skyline.

MultanShah Rukn-i-Alam Mausoleum.jpg

MultanShah Rukn-i-AlamMausoleumDetail.jp

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Multan, Shah Rukn-i-'Alam Tomb 1320-1324

226: Dera Gazi Khan Tomb of Khazi Khan 1494

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Dera Gazi Khan, Pakistan
Tomb of Khazi Khan
1494
Timurid

I did not find the exact location of this unusual tomb of a gazi, a hero of the holy war.

Photo from Archnet.org

Más sobre Dera Gazi Khan Tomb of Khazi Khan 1494

227: Lahore Badshahi Mosque 1673-1674

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Lahore, Pakistan
Badshahi Mosque
1673-1674, restored 1983
Mughal

The Badshaahi Mosque was founded by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb (1658-1707) and completed between 1673 and 1674. The conservation work comprises the cladding of hujra faÃ?Â§ades with a veneer of red sandstone Photos and text Archnet.org.

During restoration (1983)

LahoreBadshahiMosqueGatReconstruction.jp

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Lahore Badshahi Mosque 1673-1674

228: Lahore Wazir Khan Mosque 1634-1635

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Lahore, Pakistan
Wazir Khan Mosque
1634-1635
Mughal

The mosque was founded by Hakim Ilmud Din Ansari, a distinguished physician from Chiniot who received the Ministerial title of 'Wazir Khan' under the reign of Shah Jahan, and was later promoted to the position of Viceroy of Punjab.

One of the unique painted minarets

Interior before restauration

In 1977 the mosque was extensively restored using local craftsmen and revived ancient techniques.

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Lahore Wazir Khan Mosque 1634-1635

229: Muziris-Kondugallur, Kerala

Kondugallur has a history (see Wikipedia for a poorly written article) It was known as Muziris to Pliny the Elder (23 -79 AD) who describes it as primum emporium Indiae.
The Greek explorer, Hippalus (1st cent BC), the discoverer of the monsoon trade winds, described this port. Roman coins have been found here in 2000.
Apparently in the 1st cent BC a small community of Jewish traders existed in Kondugallur, and there are conjectures of a much earlier presence of Jewish traders on the Malabar Coast.
So, the "legend" that Malik Ibn Dinar landed here 625 with 20 Muselmans and built the second earliest mosque after Medina, is not entirely improbable: a small mosque resembling the "palm hut of the Prophet" but of no other architectural interest. This legend assumes near certainty when one discovers that the oldest Christian settlement (52 AD) in India is in the same place. There exist a church in which St. Thomas, the Syrian founder of the Christian community is buried.

Más sobre Muziris-Kondugallur, Kerala

230: Kondugallur Cheraman Perumal Juma Masjid 625 AD

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Kondugallur, Kerala
Cheraman Perumal Juma Masjid
625
by Malik Ibn Dinar

At first iIt sounds silly that the oldest Islamic community in India should have been founded in 625 in this tiny village on the Malabar Coast. But then one discovers that the oldest Christian settlement (52) in India is in the same place. There exist a church in which St. Thomas, the Syrian founder of the Christian community is buried and a small mosque resembling the "palm hut of the Prophet" but of no other architectural interest.

The Cheraman Perumal Juma Masjid before a recent restoration

Photo from Wikipedia, Kondugallur

Más sobre Kondugallur Cheraman Perumal Juma Masjid 625 AD

231: Delhi, Mosque of Qutb al-Din Aibak 1197-1199, 1305

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Delhi, India
Mosque of Qutb al-Din Aibak
1197-1199, 1305
Mu'izzi
Quwwatu'l Islam, or 'the might of Islam' also known as Qutb Mosque, was the first mosque in Muslim Delhi, built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, its first sultan. The mosque and its complex of associated buildings, including extensions, the Qutb Minar, several tombs, a gate, and other monuments, were built in the heart of the occupied Rajput citadel, on the ruin of twenty seven Hindu and Jain temples. The enclosure was subsequently enlarged northwards by Qutb-ud-din's successor, Shams-ud-din Ilutmish (r. 1211-36) and Ala-ud-din Khalji (r. 1296-1316).
Ruins of Qutb Mosque and the Minar.

Photo by Navin Bhatt, Panoramio

Khalji also added a gateway in the southeast, known as the Alai Darwaza. This richly decorated gate is renowned for its composition, and for being the first use of the red sandstone and white marble juxtaposition, soon to become a favorite facing device.

Photo by Arturo GarciÂa, Panoramio

The original mosque was built using the components of the Hindu temples it replaced. Columns intricately carved with Hindu motifs were used intact.

Photo by Arturo GarciÂa, Panoramio

Más sobre Delhi, Mosque of Qutb al-Din Aibak 1197-1199, 1305

232: Ajmer Ardhai-din-ka Jhompra Masjid 1200-1206

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Ajmer, Rajastan
Ardhai-din-ka Jhompra Masjid
1200-1206
Mu'izzi

The construction of the mosque is attributed to Qutb al-Din Aibak (1206-1210) The original mosque is thought to have been of modest proportions. The current form of the mosque is the result of the additions made between 1220 and 1229 by Shams al-Din Iltutmish (1211-1236). The mosque is made of yellow sandstone and many of the building materials are the spoils of razed Hindu and Jain temples. .

Photo by SINHA from Panoramio

Más sobre Ajmer Ardhai-din-ka Jhompra Masjid 1200-1206

233: Pandua Adina Masjid 1375

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Pandua, Bengal
Adina Masjid
1375
Tughluqid

In 1353 AD, Haji Shamsuddin Ilyas, the first independent nawab of Bengal, transferred his capital from the nearby (and now ruined) town of Gaur (32 km from Pandua) to Pandua. However, Pandua's glory was shortlived. In 1453 AD, the capital was transferred back to Gaur. Pandua's only celebrated building is the Adina Mosque.
Built by Sikandar Shah, the second sultan of the Ilyas dynasty, the Adina mosque is the only hypostyle mosque in Bengal. Similar in plan to the Great Mosque of Damascus, it is a rectangular, hypostyle structure, with an open central courtyard.
A series of secondary mihrabs runs along the whole western wall. In total, the 39 mihrabs, the minbar and other ornamentations are rigorously Islamic in their general conception but Hindu in almost all the details: small scalloped columns and plinths in the shape of lotus flowers, corbels, trilobate arches each with its sharp end cuspidated with a vase of flowers, volutes representing leaves, rhomboid lozenges and friezes of lotus petals. Along with the Hindu motifs, the interior of the mihrab niche is divided into panels containing the Islamic motif of the 'hanging lamp' commonly used in Bengal and is thought to be the visual representation of the Surah "Al-Nur", the light.
Triple-aisled south cloister viewed from southeastern corner of mosque

Interior columns

Central nave and main mihrab. The barrel vault has collapsed

One of the naves with "lamp" motif decorations.

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Pandua Adina Masjid 1375

234: Srinagar Shah-e-Hamadan Mosque 1395

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Srinagar, Kashmir
Shah-e-Hamadan Mosque
1395
This mosque is an excellent example of indigenous wood architecture that draws inspiration from Buddhist, Hindu and Islamic architecture. Constructed by Sultan Sikandar and dedicated to the memory of Mir Sayyid Ali Hamdani, a Muslim saint from Hamadan, Persia, this mosque also serves as a khankah.
Ravaged by fire in 1480, it was reconstructed and expanded by Sultan Hassan Shah. In 1493 it was demolished and rebuilt as a two-story structure. Again in 1731 fire destroyed the mosque; Abul Barkat Khan reconstructed it.

View from the Jelum River

Main entrance to Mosque

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Srinagar Shah-e-Hamadan Mosque 1395

235: Ahmedabad Jami' Masjid 1424

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Jamii Masjid
1424
Bahmanid

Built in 1424 by Bhamani ruler Ahmad Shah I (1411-1442), the Jami Masjid of Ahmedabad was probably the largest mosque constructed on the Indian subcontinent at the time. Conceived as part of the emperor's grandiose urban vision, the mosque lies to the south of a royal processional way that travels eastward from the Maidan-i Shah and the triple gateway known as Teen Darwaza. The central nave rises up to three stories in height and is overlooked by balconies from the central gallery enclosed by perforated screens.

Columns in the prayer hall

Interior view of the prayer hall from gallery level

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Ahmedabad Jami' Masjid 1424

236: Delhi Mausoleum of Humayun 1562-72

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Delhi, India
Mausoleum of Humayun
1562-72
Mughal

Humayun's tomb is the first example of the monumental architecture that would characterize the subsequent Mughal imperial style. Commissioned by Humayun's senior widow, Haji Begam the tomb is the first grave of a Mughal emperor. Humayun's father Babur, who founded the dynasty, had requested out of piety that he be buried in a garden. Humayun's Tomb is now one of the best-preserved Mughal monuments in Delhi.
The tomb design is attributed to Sayyid Muhammad and his father, Mirak Sayyid Ghiyath (Mirak Mirza Ghiyas), Persian architects and poets active at the Timurid and later the Mughal courts.

Cross-section showing the double-shell dome. See the Mausoleum of Il-Khan Ã?ljeitÃ¼ 1307-1313 in Sultaniyya

Text and Photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Delhi Mausoleum of Humayun 1562-72

237: Fatehpur Sikri Shayk Salim Chishti Tomb 1571-1580

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Fatehpur Sikri, Rajesthan
Shayk Salim Chishti Tomb, Friday Mosque Complex
1571-1580
Mughal
Fatephur Sikri, the abandoned city of Emperor Akhbar's dreams, is the most magnificent complex of Moghul India. It has an unusual foundation history

Shaikh Salim, a Chishti Sufi who lived in the village of Sikri came to imperial notice when he correctly predicted the birth of Akbar's son Jahangir. It was to honor this saint that Akbar, in 1571, established the palatial-religious complex of Fatehpur Sikri on the site of Shaikh Salim's village, making it his capital. The tomb of Shaikh Salim is of white marble, and sits in an enclosure with a pool. The entrance porch is held up by unusual, serpant-like supports. A verandah enclosed by a finely carved perforated screen surrounds the main tomb hall. At its center is the cenotaph, sheltered by a canopy decorated with mother-of-pearl. A wide marble dome covers the structure.

FatehpurSikriShaykSalimChishtiTombColumn

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Fatehpur Sikri Shayk Salim Chishti Tomb 1571-1580

238: Fatehpur Sikri, Jami Masjid 1571-1574

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Fatehpur Sikri, Rajasthan
Jami Masjid
1571-1574

The mosque, known as the 'Glory of Fatehpur Sikri', on the western side of the religious and palatial complex of the city, was built by Akbar to honor Shaikh Salim, the Chishti saint. It was the largest mosque of the Mughal Empire in its time. The main entrance into its large courtyard is through the Buland Darwaza, an enormous monumental gate. A large pistaq, a type of high arched gate of Timurid origins, leads into the main prayer hall, which is finished in red sandstone and white inlay. Paint and gilt add to the intricate ornamentation. Flanking the main hall are large, pillared side wings.

View from afar

Exerior view from the east showing the arched entryway and colonnade.

Detail of the marble screens on the external wall

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Fatehpur Sikri, Jami Masjid 1571-1574

239: Fatephur Sikri Jodh Bai Palace 16th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Fatephur Sikri, Rajesthan
Jodh Bai Palace
16th cen
Moghul

Also known as "Shabistan-I-Iqbal" (Principal Haram Sara), it is the largest and most important zenana, or palace for the imperial women. Baths and latrines project to the south, a viaduct and splendid balcony, to the north. It has but one entrance facing east across a wide paved courtyard. It used to be connected to the Emperor's Daulat Khana, which was destroyed.

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Fatephur Sikri Jodh Bai Palace 16th cent

240: Agra Taj Mahal 1632-1648

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Agra, India
Taj Mahal
1632-1648
Mughal

The Taj Mahal mausoleum was built by Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife Arjumand Banu Begam, better known by her title Mumtaz Mahal (d.1631), from which the name of the monument is taken. Widely recognized as the pinnacle of classical Indo-Persian architecture, the Taj Mahal is representative of Shah Jahan's interest in building and aesthetic innovation. The new architectural style includes aspects that were to influence much of subsequent Indian architecture: Symmetry along two sides of a central axis, new columnar styles, curvilinear forms, and symbolic decorations based on naturalistic plant motifs are all characteristics of the Shahjahani style that can be found in the Taj Mahal Complex. To the mausoleum's west stands a triple-domed red sandstone mosque, and to its east the mosque's jawab or compositional echo.

It seems silly to add new photographs of the fabled building to the hundreds of Panoramios already on GE. So, I'll chose some of the better ones. Here is a poetic photo by from across the Yamuna River.

Photo by joseleer Panoramio

Another photo by josleeser shows that the complex also includes an architecturally interesting mosque, which is usually cut out of the standard pictures.

Photo by joseleer Panoramio

The Mosque.

photo by Jorgen K H Knudsen Panoramio

And finally one of the best of the frontal views among the Panoramios photos.

Photo BigMoe Panoramio

Más sobre Agra Taj Mahal 1632-1648

241: Delhi Jama Masjid Great Mosque 1644-58

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Old Delhi, India
Jama Masjid, Great Mosque
1644-58
Moghul

The Jami Mosque is the principal mosque of Shahjahanabad, or "Old Delhi", the seventh Muslim city on the Delhi site. The mosque, like the city, was founded by Shah Jahan, its building supervised by 'Allami Said Khan and Fazl Khan. It is one of the largest in India.

Photo by ramses II, Panoramio

Interior.

Photo by by eulogio Panoramio

Dehli from the minaret.

Photo by Richard Guy Panoramio

Más sobre Delhi Jama Masjid Great Mosque 1644-58

242: Guangzhou Huaisheng Great Mosque 625

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Guangzhou, China
Huaisheng Great Mosque and minaret
625
Hui
Manuscripts from 1206 (Mongol YÃ¼an Dynasty!) claim that the mosque was built by an uncle of the Prophet, Abi Waqqas, on his first Muslim mission to China in the 630s, a date which is otherwise undocumented but would make it one of the earliest mosques in Islam. Modern specialists believe it was built in the 10th cent during the Song or Tang Dynasty. Anyway, the mosque has been rebuilt many times, the minaret is the only surviving part of the original.

The very un-Chinese "Light Tower"

Interior of prayer hall: mihrab

QuangzhouHuaishengGreatMosqueInterior.jp

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Guangzhou Huaisheng Great Mosque 625

243: Xi'an Great Mosque 1398 - 1980

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Xian, China
Great Mosque
1368-1398, restored 1980
Hui

The present mosque was erected in 1398 under the YÃ¼an Dynasty and has since undergone three restorations. The mosque was built on a long, rectangular site in the densely populated, residential area. The complex is based on a symmetrical, linear plan composed of five courtyards.

Text and photo from Archnet.org

Más sobre Xi'an Great Mosque 1398 - 1980

244: Kashgar Aidgah Mosque 1426

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Kashgar Xinjiang, China
Aidgah Mosque
1426, rebuilt in the 19th cent
Khoja Khanate

Although the mosque was probably first built in the 1440's when Islam was introduced to Kashgar, the layout and most of the built fabric date to the nineteenth century.

Text and photo from Archnet.org

Más sobre Kashgar Aidgah Mosque 1426

245: Matmata

Troglytic Berber villagehttp://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/1389798.jpgHouses in the Medinahttp://www.panoramio.com/photos/original/1828547.jpghttp://www.panoramio.com/photos/original/5382823.jpg

Más sobre Matmata

246: Mosque de Midoun

http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/6189993.jpghttp://www.panoramio.com/photo/6189993

Más sobre Mosque de Midoun

247: Unnamed Mosque

http://www.panoramio.com/photos/original/2938068.jpghttp://www.panoramio.com/photo/2938068

Más sobre Unnamed Mosque

248: The Mosques of Djerba

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Djerba, Tunisia

On the island of Djerba unknown architects (the local women?) have left us with a dozen of white-washed mosques which are not found in the books - but have their very own charm. Without words I show the few I found photographs of.

Más sobre The Mosques of Djerba

249: Mosque de Maraboute

http://www.panoramio.com/photos/original/2518850.jpghttp://www.panoramio.com/photo/2518850

Más sobre Mosque de Maraboute

250: Mosque Mahboubin

http://www.panoramio.com/photos/original/3059068.jpghttp://www.panoramio.com/photo/2518850

Más sobre Mosque Mahboubin

251: Unnamed Mosque

http://www.panoramio.com/photos/original/5042646.jpghttp://www.panoramio.com/photo/5042646

Más sobre Unnamed Mosque

252: Mosque Fadhloun

http://www.panoramio.com/photos/original/3548062.jpghttp://www.panoramio.com/photo/3548062

Más sobre Mosque Fadhloun

253: Timbuktu Djingarey Ber Mosque 1327, restored 2000

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Timbuktu, Mali
Djingarey Ber Mosque
1327, restored 2000

Djingarey Ber, 'the Great Mosque', is Timbuktu's oldest monument and its major landmark. The mosque is almost entirely built in banco (raw earth), which is used for mud bricks and rendering. The mosque's maintenance, consisting mainly of repairing the mud rendering, is regularly undertaken upon appeal by the imam to the population, whose contributions take the form of money, materials and labour. For a very interesting report on the recent restoration and rendering see Archnet.org

East faÃ§ade and rooftop minaret of mosque

The rooftop minaret

Text and photographs from Archnet.org

Más sobre Timbuktu Djingarey Ber Mosque 1327, restored 2000

254: Gao, Tomb and Mosque of Askia 16th cent

This marker is part of an extended History of Islamic Architecture

Gao, Mali
Tomb of Askia Mohammed
16th cent
Songhay

The Tomb of Askia in the town of Gao, Mali marks Islamic architecture in sub-Saharan West Africa's beginning. It is situated in one of the flourishing cities of the Sudanese caravan route. Located near the Niger River, the city of Gao became the capital of the Songhay (Songhai) Empire upon its founding in 1493 by Askia Mohammed.
The tomb itself is built of mudbrick measuring about 14 by 18 meters by 10 m high. The earthen exterior walls are distinguished by protruding toron, or stakes, of acacia wood. Such stakes bristling from the walls provide a permanent scaffolding for replastering the mud that has washed away. The tomb is enclosed within the eight-foot wall of the larger mosque complex the area of which is about 45 by 50 meters.For an additional description see Archnet.org

Interior passage of the mosque's compound surrounding the tomb

GaoTombofAskiaMohammedInteriorofMosque.j

Text and photos from Archnet.org

Más sobre Gao, Tomb and Mosque of Askia 16th cent

255: Indonesia

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256: Medina

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257: Mecca

Más sobre Mecca

258: Nihawend 642

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259: Alexandria 642

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260: Xeres la Frontera 711

Más sobre Xeres la Frontera 711

261: Merv 641

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262: Cyprus 649

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263: 655 Derbent

Más sobre 655 Derbent

264: Damascus 655

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265: Basra 655

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266: Rhodos 664

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267: Constantinople 669

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268: Kairuan 670

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269: Constantinople 676

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270: Kerbela 680

Más sobre Kerbela 680

271: Carthago 698

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272: Multan 711

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273: Toledo 712

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274: Makaranda-Afrasiab 712

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275: Constantinople 718

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276: Poitiers 732

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277: Talas 751

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278: Fes 808

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279: Sicily 827

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280: Sardinia 827

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281: Corsica 850

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282: Guangzhou 9th cent

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283: KHURASAN

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284: RUM SELJUKS

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285: AYYUBID SULTANATE

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286: FATEMID SULTANATE 1070-1171

Más sobre FATEMID SULTANATE 1070-1171

287: ABBASIDES 750-1258

Más sobre ABBASIDES 750-1258

288: KHURASAN

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289: RUM SELJUKS

Más sobre RUM SELJUKS

290: AYYUBID SULTANATE

Más sobre AYYUBID SULTANATE

291: FATEMID SULTANATE 1070-1171

Más sobre FATEMID SULTANATE 1070-1171

292: ABBASIDES 750-1258

Más sobre ABBASIDES 750-1258

293: Ottoman Empire 1350-1460

Más sobre Ottoman Empire 1350-1460

294: Ottoman Empire before 1350

Más sobre Ottoman Empire before 1350

295: Bursa First Capital of Ottoman Empire

Bursa becomes the Capital of the Osman Empire until the fall of Constantinople. Fall of Nikomedia (Ismid) 1337.

Más sobre Bursa First Capital of Ottoman Empire

296: Istanbul Capital of Ottoman Empire 1454-1921

Más sobre Istanbul Capital of Ottoman Empire 1454-1921

297: Battle of Manzikert 1071

Más sobre Battle of Manzikert 1071

298: Fall of Adrianople-Edirne 1361

Más sobre Fall of Adrianople-Edirne 1361

299: Battle of the Amselfeld-Kossowo 1389

Más sobre Battle of the Amselfeld-Kossowo 1389

300: Fall of Gallipoli 1454

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301: Fall of Constantinople 1453

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302: End of Mystras1460

Más sobre End of Mystras1460

303: End of Trapezond 1461

Más sobre End of Trapezond 1461

304: Istanbul Capital of Osman Empire 1454-1914

Más sobre Istanbul Capital of Osman Empire 1454-1914

305: Egypt 1517

Más sobre Egypt 1517

306: Syria 1516

Más sobre Syria 1516

307: Mekka 1538

Más sobre Mekka 1538

308: End of Hungary 1541

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309: Tripolis 1551

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310: Algiers 1529

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311: Tunis 1574

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312: Capitulation of Rhodos 1522

Más sobre Capitulation of Rhodos 1522

313: Belgrad 1521

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314: Attack on Vienna 1683

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315: Battle of Mohacs 1526

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316: Crimean 1475

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317: Karaman 1467

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318: Bagdad 1534

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0: Cyprus 649 Ver detalle
1: Constantinople Derbent 655 Ver detalle
2: Sassanids - Sogdiana 655 Ver detalle
3: 698 Arab Invasion of Sicily Ver detalle
4: Rhodos 664 Ver detalle
5: India 711 Ver detalle
6: Constantinople 718 Ver detalle
7: Spain-Poitier 732 Ver detalle
8: Indonesia China 790 Ver detalle
9: Sardinia Corsica 850 Ver detalle
10: Omajid Empire 661-750 Ver detalle
11: Arab Incursions Crete 12th cent Ver detalle
12: Arab Incursions Sicily 11th-13th cent Ver detalle
13: Ayyubid Sultanate 1171-1270 Ver detalle
14: 753-1200 Islamic Sultnates Ver detalle
15: Arab Incursions Crete 12th cent Ver detalle
16: Arab Incursions Sicily 11th-13th cent Ver detalle
17: Ayyubid Sultanate 1171-1270 Ver detalle
18: 753-1200 Islamic Sultnates Ver detalle
19: Konstantinople 1453 Ver detalle
20: Mystras Ver detalle
21: Trapezond 1204-1461 Ver detalle
22: Ottoman Empire around 1350 Ver detalle
23: Ottoman Empire1350-1454 Ver detalle
24: Osman Empire 1350-1454 Ver detalle
25: Osman North Expansion until 1520 Ver detalle
26: Osman South expansion until 1520 Ver detalle
27: Rhodes 1522 Ver detalle
28: Osman Attack on Vienna 1683 Ver detalle
29: Southern Silk Route Ver detalle
30: Loulan Silk Route Ver detalle
31: Northern Silk Route Ver detalle
32: Laodicea Venice Sea Route Ver detalle
33: Syria-Rome Sea Route Ver detalle
34: Kashgar Yarkand Branch Ver detalle
35: Black Sea Route Ver detalle
36: Skythian Route Ver detalle
37: Sogdiana Route Ver detalle
38: Ferghana Route Ver detalle
39: Herat Route Ver detalle

History of Islamic Architecture

Lugares de interés (POIs) del Mapa

0: Cyprus 649

1: Constantinople Derbent 655

2: Sassanids - Sogdiana 655

3: 698 Arab Invasion of Sicily

4: Rhodos 664

5: India 711

6: Constantinople 718

7: Spain-Poitier 732

8: Indonesia China 790

9: Sardinia Corsica 850

10: Omajid Empire 661-750

11: Arab Incursions Crete 12th cent

12: Arab Incursions Sicily 11th-13th cent

13: Ayyubid Sultanate 1171-1270

14: 753-1200 Islamic Sultnates

15: Arab Incursions Crete 12th cent

16: Arab Incursions Sicily 11th-13th cent

17: Ayyubid Sultanate 1171-1270

18: 753-1200 Islamic Sultnates

19: Konstantinople 1453

20: Mystras

21: Trapezond 1204-1461

22: Ottoman Empire around 1350

23: Ottoman Empire1350-1454

24: Osman Empire 1350-1454

25: Osman North Expansion until 1520

26: Osman South expansion until 1520

27: Rhodes 1522

28: Osman Attack on Vienna 1683

29: Southern Silk Route

30: Loulan Silk Route

31: Northern Silk Route

32: Laodicea Venice Sea Route

33: Syria-Rome Sea Route

34: Kashgar Yarkand Branch

35: Black Sea Route

36: Skythian Route

37: Sogdiana Route

38: Ferghana Route

39: Herat Route

40: Uzbek Route

41: Arabian Malabar Sea Route

42: Basra-India Sea Route

43: Indian Buddhist Route

44: Yunnan Route (Postulated)

45: Karakhocho Campuchu 13th cent

46: Karakoram Pass Route

47: Beijing Karakhorum 13th cent

48: Medina, Al-Masjid al-Nabawi 7-20th cent

49: Mecca

50: Mecca, Al-Masjid al-Haram - Great Mosque of al-Haram 1564-1572, 1955

51: Sana'a 13th-18th cent

52: Sana'a Great Mosque - Jami al-Kabir 705-715

53: Sana'a Imam Salah al-Din Mosque1390

54: Sana'a, Al-Bakiriyya Mosque 1597

55: Qasr-ibn Warda 6th cent

56: Anjar 705-715

57: Qasr al-Kharrana 710

58: al-Minya 710

59: Qasr al-Amra 712 - 715

60: Qasr al-Hallabat and Sarakh Baths 709-750

61: Kirbat al-Mafdjar 724

62: Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi 724-743

63: Qasr al Hayr ash Sharqi 740

64: Qasr al-Mshatta 743-734

65: al-Azraq 8th cent

66: Jerusalem Dome of the Rock 687-691

67: Damascus Omayyad Mosque 706-715

68: Cordoba Mesquita 785-987

69: Cordoba Medina Azahara 936-948

70: Kairouan, Great Mosque 724-728

71: Sousse, Ribat 796

72: Sousse, Great Mosque 9-10th cent

73: Algiers Great Mosque 1096

74: Sfax, Grand Mosque 10th cent

75: Samarra, al-Muttawikil 847-892

76: Damghan, Masjid-i Tarik Khana 750-789

77: Ktesiphon Taq-i-Kisra 7-8th cent?