Lugares de interés (POIs) del Mapa
0: 1919: Versailles
After her defeat in World War One, Germany is forced to sign a punitive peace treaty which leaves her deeply embittered and desperate for revenge. Among other things, Germany has to:
? Agree to pay whatever reparations are ultimately decided upon (settled as £6.6 Billion in 1921);
? Hand over Alsace Lorraine to France, and the "Polish Corridor" to Poland;
? Outlaw conscription (compulsory military service) and demilitarise the Rhineland;
? Accept total blame for starting the war.
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Más sobre 1919: Versailles
1: 1920: Geneva
A brand new "League of Nations" is set up to preserve world peace. Unfortunately, it has a number of weaknesses.
? Membership: Although Britain, France, Italy and Japan take on a leadership role, the USA refuses to join, whilst the USSR and Germany are not allowed to join. This undermines its power and authority.
? Structure: The League operates on a principle of unanimous decisions, which makes it difficult to take decisive action; moreover, the League has no armed forces of its own, and has to rely on economic sanctions to impose its will on aggressive nations.
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Más sobre 1920: Geneva
2: 1929: New York
The Wall Street Crash sees stock market values plummet, sparking off a World Depression. The democracies respond by becoming very defensive (imposing heavy import duties on foreign goods); the dictatorships respond by becoming aggressive (attacking foreign territories to seize their natural resources).
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Más sobre 1929: New York
3: 1932: Manchuria
Japan, desperate to find a way out of the Depression, invades Manchuria for its natural resources. The League does nothing more than publicly criticise Japan. The result of this is that Japan pulls out of the League altogether, and other aspiring dictators (Mussolini in Italy, Hitler in Germany) become convinced that the League is spineless.
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Más sobre 1932: Manchuria
4: 1933: Berlin
Germany, desperate to find a way out of the Depression, elects Adolf Hitler as Chancellor. He withdraws Germany from the League of Nations, starts a massive re-armament programme and re-introduces conscription (compulsory military service). Many fear he is about to follow Japan's example and seize the resources of other countries to kick-start the economy.
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Más sobre 1933: Berlin
5: 1935: Stresa
Italy, France and Britain sign the Stresa Pact, a firm commitment to stand together following growing evidence of Nazi aggression. Hitler is desperate to find a way to break up this alliance…
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6: 1935: London
The Anglo-German Naval Agreement is signed – Germany is allowed to build a navy up to 35% the strength of Britain’s. This not only contravenes the Treaty of Versailles, but fatally weakens the Stresa Pact - Italy and France were not even consulted by Britain before she signed this agreement with "the enemy"!
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Más sobre 1935: London
7: 1935: Abyssinia
Italy, desperate to find a way out of the Depression, invades Abyssinia. France and Britain offer him 2/3 of Abyssinia if he agrees to call off the invasion (the Hoare-Laval Pact) but the League condemns this and so they then condemn his actions. This merely annoys Mussolini, who pulls Italy out of the League and turns towards Hitler for support.
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Más sobre 1935: Abyssinia
8: 1936: Rhineland
Hitler takes advantage of the distraction caused by the Italian invasion of Abyssinia to remilitarise the Rhineland, in direct contravention of the Treaty of Versailles. His troops are ordered to withdraw at the first sign of resistance from France or Britain – but they meet no opposition whatsoever.
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Más sobre 1936: Rhineland
9: 1936: Rome
Germany and Italy sign a formal friendship treaty known as the Rome-Berlin Axis. This develops into a firm military alliance in 1939 called the Pact of Steel.
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10: 1936: Spain
The Spanish Civil War breaks out. Germany and Italy test out their new weapons and tactics by offering their support to General Franco (Fascist). The USSR desperately tries to help the other side, but France and Britain do very little to help, and Franco wins in 1939.
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Más sobre 1936: Spain
11: 1936: Japan
The Anti-Comintern Pact: Japan joins the Rome-Berlin Axis, with all three countries agreeing to join forces against the international communist movement. Japan hopes that Italy and Germany will support her growing power in the pacific, which is starting to generate concern in the USA.
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Más sobre 1936: Japan
12: 1938: Vienna
Germany declares an Anschluss (Union) with Austria after Italy drops her opposition to the plan. Once again, Hitler has contravened a central part of the Versailles Treaty; once again, France and Britain fail to react. Hitler stages a massive celebration parade in Vienna.
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Más sobre 1938: Vienna
13: 1938: Munich
The British Prime Minister, Neville Chamberlain, flies to Munich and agrees (along with France and Italy) that Hitler should have the Sudetenland area of Czechoslovakia, which is packed with valuable raw materials as well as vital Czech border defences. The Russians and the Czechs are not even consulted. Germany invades the Sudetenland shortly afterwards, and takes over a large part of the rest of Czechoslovakia the following Spring.
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Más sobre 1938: Munich
14: 1939: Moscow
The Nazi Soviet Pact: The USSR - whose attempts to persuade France and Britain to take a firm stance against Hitler have been ignored for years - finally signs a non-aggression agreement with Germany.
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Más sobre 1939: Moscow
15: 1939: Warsaw
Under the Nazi-Soviet Pactl, it was agreed that Germany and the USSR would invade Poland and share the spoils between themselves. In September 1939, Hitler invades Poland from the West. France and Britain declare war on Germany and World War Two begins.
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Más sobre 1939: Warsaw