Viajes de Julio César
| 0: 36 - assassination: March 15, 44 BC. Ver detalle |
| 1: 35 - The Triumph 45BC Ver detalle |
| 2: 34 - Battle of Munda 45BC Ver detalle |
| 3: 33 - Battle of Thapsus 46BC Ver detalle |
| 4: 32 - Veni Vidi Vici 47BC Ver detalle |
| 5: 31 - Judaea and Syria 47BC Ver detalle |
| 6: 30 - Cleopatra 47BC Ver detalle |
| 7: 29 - Egypt 48BC Ver detalle |
| 8: 28 - Pharsalus 48BC Ver detalle |
| 9: 27 - Battle of Dyrrhachium 48BC Ver detalle |
| 10: 26 - Massilia 49BC Ver detalle |
| 11: 25- Ilierda 49BC Ver detalle |
| 12: 24- Brindisium 49BC Ver detalle |
| 13: 23- Caesar the Dictator 49BC Ver detalle |
| 14: 22- Alea Jacta Est 49BC Ver detalle |
| 15: 21- Civil war 50BC Ver detalle |
| 16: 20- Alesia, end of gallic wars, 52BC Ver detalle |
| 17: 19- Gergovia 52BC Ver detalle |
| 18: 18- Germany 53BC Ver detalle |
| 19: 17-Britain, 54BC Ver detalle |
| 20: 16-Britanni, 55BC Ver detalle |
| 21: 15- Germany, 56BC Ver detalle |
| 22: 14- Lucca, 56BC Ver detalle |
| 23: 13- Gallic Wars, 57BC Ver detalle |
| 24: 12-Gallic Wars, 58BC Ver detalle |
| 25: 11- First Triumvirate, 60-59 BC Ver detalle |
| 26: 10- Propraetor governor of Lusitania 61- Ver detalle |
| 27: 9- Roman cursus honorum 67-61 BC Ver detalle |
| 28: 8- quaestor of Farther-Spain, 69-67BC Ver detalle |
| 29: 7- politic in Rome 73-69BC Ver detalle |
| 30: 6-Rhodes, 78-73BC Ver detalle |
| 31: 5-PIrates of Pharmacusa, 78BC Ver detalle |
| 32: 4-Advocate in Rome, 78BC Ver detalle |
| 33: 3-Mytilena, 80BC Ver detalle |
| 34: 2-Bithynia, 81BC Ver detalle |
| 35: 1- Subura - birthplace, July 13, ca. 100 BC Ver detalle |
At this very place was the Pompey"s Curia, where Julius Caesar was assassinated on 15th March 44 BC (the ides of March). On February 15, 44 BC, Caesar sat upon his gilded chair on the Rostra and watched the race. When Mark Antony ran into the Forum and was raised to the Rostra by the priests attending the event, Antony produced a diadem and attempted to place it on Caesar"s head, saying "the people offer this the title of king to you through me." Caesar quickly refused being sure that the diadem did not touch his head. The crowd roared with approval, but Antony, undeterred, attempted to place it on Caesar"s head again. Still there was no voice of support from the crowd, and Caesar rose from his chair and refused Antony again, saying, "I will not be king of Rome!" The crowd wildly endorsed Caesar"s actions. Caesar planned to leave in April of 44 BC for campaigns in Parthia, and a secret opposition that was steadily building had to act fast. Made up mostly of men that Caesar had pardoned already, they knew their only chance to rid Rome of Caesar was to prevent him ever leaving for Parthia. Caesar summoned the Senate to meet in the Theatrum Pompeium (built by Pompey) on the Ides of March (March 15) 44 BC. A few days before, a soothsayer had said to Caesar, "Beware the Ides of March." As the Senate convened, Caesar was attacked and stabbed to death by a group of Senators who called themselves the Liberators (Liberatores); the Liberators justified their action on the grounds that they committed tyrannicide, not murder, and were preserving the Republic from Caesar"s alleged monarchical ambitions. Among the assassins who locked themselves in the Temple of Jupiter were Gaius Trebonius, Decimus Junius Brutus, Marcus Junius Brutus, and Gaius Cassius Longinus. Caesar had personally pardoned most of his murderers or personally advanced their careers. Caesar sustained twenty-three (as many as thirty-five by some accounts) stab wounds, which ranged from superficial to mortal, and ironically fell at the feet of a statue of his best friend and greatest rival, Pompey the Great.
Great games and celebrations were to be held on April 21 to honor Caesar"s great victory. Along with the games, Caesar was honored with the right to wear triumphal clothing, including a purple robe (reminiscent of the kings of Rome) and laurel crown, on all public occasions. A large estate was being built at Rome"s expense, and on state property, for Caesar"s exclusive use. The title of Imperator also became a legal title that he could use in his name for the rest of his life.
March 17 - In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the younger in the Battle of Munda.
he proceeded to Africa to deal with the remnants of Pompey"s Senatorial supporters under Cato the Younger. He quickly gained a significant victory at Thapsus over the forces of Metellus Scipio, who was killed in battle, and Cato. After Cato saw that his forces were defeated by Caesar, in traditional Roman fashion, he fell on his sword and committed suicide.
Caesar met King Pharnaces in the Battle of Zela. His victory was so swift and so complete that he commemorated it in his triumph with the words: Veni Vidi Vici ("I came, I saw, I conquered").
By the campaign season of 47 BC, Caesar left Egypt and began an overland march through the far eastern provinces. Heading towards the trouble with Pharnaces, Caesar traveled through Judaea and Syria, accepting apologies and granting pardons to those foreign kings and Roman governors who had supported Pompey.
During several months, Caesar and Cleopatra (Queen of Egypt) went on what seemed like a honeymoon vacation along the Nile. Traveling on Cleopatra"s barge as far south as his men would let him, they toured the entire country all the way to the border of Ethiopia.
Following the defeat at Pharsalus, the majority of the remaining Pompeian forces surrendered to Caesar, and the major part of the war was essentially over. Pompey himself fled to Egypt. While waiting off-shore to receive word from the boy-king, Ptolemy XIII, Pompey was betrayed and assassinated. Stabbed in the back and decapitated, his body was burned on the shore and his head was brought to the king in order to present as a gift to Caesar. On July 24, 48 BC, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus was dead, just short of 58 years old. When Caesar arrived in pursuit of Pompey, to certainly, by all accounts, grant him a pardon and welcome him back to Rome, Ptolemy presented Caesar with Pompey"s head and his signet ring. Caesar, despite realizing Pompey"s death made him the master of Rome, was overcome with grief. Turning away from the slave who presented Pompey"s head, Caesar burst into tears at the sight of his rival, former friend, and son-in-law.
Caesar lured Pompey into Greece where he decisively defeated Pompey"s numerically superior army ? Pompey had nearly twice the number of infantry and considerably more cavalry ? at the Battle of Pharsalus in an exceedingly short engagement in 48 BC.
His exhausted and poorly supplied army was able to secure new sources of food and essentially become re-energized for the continuing campaign. Caesar first faced Pompey on July 10, 48 BC at Dyrrhacium. Caesar barely avoided a catastrophic defeat.
While marching back through southern Gaul, he took the city of Massilia (present day Marseille) from Pompeiian forces.
Caesar"s army marched into Hispania and defeated the Pompeiian forces at Ilierda.
"Proceeded along the Adriatic to Brundisium, where Pompey and the consuls had taken refuge, intending to cross the sea as soon as might be." (Suetonius)
When Caesar entered Rome, he was elected Dictator, but only served for eleven days when he left office and served as consul instead.
January 10, 49BC -Julius Caesar leads his army across the Rubicon, which separates his jurisdiction from that of the Senate, and thus initiates a civil war. Caesar seemed to contemplate the situation understandably for some time before making his final fateful decision. He is then reported to have muttered the now famous phrase, from the work of the poet Menander, Alea iacta est, usually translated as "The die is cast." The Rubicon was crossed and Caesar officially invaded the legal border from his province into Italy, thus starting the civil war.
Julius Caesar is asked by the Senate to give up his troops, but he refuses. On January 1, 49 BC and the days immediately following, the Senate rejected Caesar"s final peace proposal and declared him a public enemy. Around January 10, 49 BC, word reached Caesar and he marched south with the Thirteenth Legion from Ravenna towards the southern limit of Cisalpine Gaul"s border.
This battle was fought by the army of the Roman Republic commanded by Julius Caesar against a confederation of Gallic tribes united under the leadership of Vercingetorix of the Averni. Alesia was the last major engagement between Gauls and Romans and marked the turning point of the Gallic Wars in favour of Rome. The siege of Alesia is considered one of Caesar"s greatest military achievements and is still one of the classic examples of siege warfare and circumvallation. this placemark is the the "official" location of Alesia. For the others, see : http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showthreaded.php?Cat=&Board=EarthHistory&Number=153337&Searchpage=1&Main=153337&Words=alesia&topic=&Search=true#Post153337
Was ancient settlement of the Gallic Averni; plateau was used as a citadel when Gaul was independent; unsuccessfully besieged by Caesar in 52 BC.
Caesar crossed the Rhine into Germanic territory for the second time..
In 54 BC, Caesar returned with a larger force. No territory was conquered, but Caesar had brought Britain further into Rome"s sphere of influence, and over the next century diplomatic and trading links grew.
first Roman conquest of Britain. Caesar defeated Cassivelaunus.
June of 56 BC, Caesar became the first Roman to cross the Rhine into Germanic territory. He spent only 18 days.
At Mulhouse, Caesar defeated Germanic leader Ariovistus, chieftain of the Germanic Suebi.
The alliance with Pompey and Crassus (First Triumvirate) was formed in late 60 BC. Caesar is elected as consul.
Between 61 BC and 60 BC, he won considerable victories over the local Gallaecian and Lusitanian tribes. During one of his victories, his men hailed him as Imperator in the field, which was a vital consideration in being eligible for a triumph back in Rome.
Caesar was released early from his office as quaestor, and allowed to return to Rome early. He pursue the Roman cursus honorum : -member of the Senate -curator of the Appian Way. -curule aedile in 65 BC -Pontifex Maximus (high priest) in 63 BC -Praetor Urbanus for the year 62 BC -Propraetor governor of Lusitania in 61BC
Caesar was elected quaestor of Farther-Spain. At the temple of Hercules in Gades (Cadiz), it was said that he broke down and cried. When asked why he would have such a reaction, his simple response was: "Do you think I have not just cause to weep, when I consider that Alexander at my age had conquered so many nations, and I have all this time done nothing that is memorable."
After returning to Rome in 73 BC, Caesar was elected to the College of Pontiffs. He supports Crassus. In 69 BC, Caesar became a widower. In the same year, he lost his aunt Julia, to whom he was very attached. These two deaths left Caesar very much alone to raise a still infant daughter, Julia Caesaris. Julia"s funeral was filled with political connotations. These speeches were interpreted by his political opponents as propaganda for his upcoming election for the office of quaestor.
At that time Mithridates was ravaging the neighbouring districts, and on Caesar"s arrival at Rhodes, that he might not appear to lie idle while danger threatened the allies of Rome, he passed over into Asia, and having collected some auxiliary forces, and driven the king"s governor out of the province, retained in their allegiance the cities which were wavering, and ready to revolt.
During a travel to Rhodes, Caesar was kidnapped by Cilician pirates. Caesar sent his followers to various cities to collect the ransom money. In all he was held for thirty-eight days in the island of Pharmacusa and would often laughingly threaten to have them all crucified. True to his word, as soon as he was ransomed and released, he organized a naval force, captured the pirates and their island stronghold and put them to death by crucifixion as a warning to other pirates. However, since they had treated him well, he had their legs broken before they were crucified to lessen their suffering.
Back in Rome in 78 BC, when Sulla died, Caesar began his political career in the Forum at Rome as an advocate, known for his oratory and ruthless prosecution of former governors notorious for extortion and corruption.
While still serving under Thermus, he played a pivotal role in the siege of Mytilena. During the course of the battle Caesar showed such personal bravery in saving the lives of legionaries, that he was later awarded the corona civica (oak crown). The award was of the highest honor given to a non-commander, and when worn in public, even in the presence of the Roman Senate, all were forced to stand and applaud his presence.
First military campain of young Caesar. Some says that he became close friend to king Nicomede and even prostitute to him.
Caesar was born in Rome to a well-known patrician family (gens Julia), which supposedly traced its ancestry to Julus, the son of the Trojan prince Aeneas, who according to myth was the son of Venus. According to legend, Caesar was born by Caesarian section and is its namesake, though this is unlikely because it was only performed on dead women, and his mother lived long after he was born. Caesar was raised in a modest apartment building (insula) in the Subura, a lower-class neighborhood of Rome.