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4: El Agheila, Libya
El Agheila was captured by the Italians earlier in the WWII. A few months before Erwin Rommel came to North Africa, the British forces took it away from the Italians. When Rommel came, this was the first battle he fought. Rommel fought in El Agheila on March 24th, 1941. He succeeded in taking El Agheila back from the British. El Agheila would be one of the places where Erwin Rommel would make his plans later in WWII.
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5: Benghazi
Another event in Erwin Rommel’s North Africa campaign was capturing Benghazi. Benghazi was important because it was one of the largest cities in Libya and Rommel was starting to get close to the Egyptian border. One of Rommel’s most famous battles was the “88 Ambush”. It was fought near Benghazi. The British saw some German tanks and then decided to attack because there weren’t that many. The Germans led the British to an area where 88 millimeter Flak anti-aircraft guns were buried in the sand. The British couldn’t see them and were led right into the trap.
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6: Gazala (Tobruk)
The Battle of Gazala or Tobruk was fought between April and August, 1941. This battle was also called the Siege of Tobruk. Tobruk was an important place because whoever controls Tobruk pretty much controlled all of Libya. This was a siege because the Allies (who were mainly Australian) were in Tobruk with Erwin Rommel and the German Troops all around them. The only way the Australian troops were supplied with food was by boat. This battle was another win for Rommel’s troops. 3,009 Australian troops were killed or wounded, and 941 were taken prisoner.
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7: 1st Battle of El Alamein
The First battle of El Alamein was an important battle in the Desert Wars. This battle was where Erwin Rommel was finally stopped. If he had not been stopped there he probably could have captured North Africa for Germany. The battle started on July 1st and continued until July 27th. El Alamein decided what would happen in the rest of the Desert Wars, and El Alamein turned the tide in the Allies favor. After this, Bernard Montgomery became commander of the Allies in North Africa.
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8: 2nd Battle of El Alamein
The Second Battle of El Alamein was the biggest and most famous battle in North Africa. The battle lasted from October 23rd to November 6th. This battle was a loss for Erwin Rommel and Rommel would never win a battle in North Africa again. The reason Rommel lost was because he had around 116,000 troops, and the Allies had 220,000 troops. He was pretty much overpowered. Rommel’s troops were in a full retreat by November 5th. This battle was Bernard Montgomery’s greatest achievement and he would only have to wait for victory in North Africa for about a month.
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9: Mareth Line
Mareth Line was one of the last battles in the North African Desert Wars. It was one of the only battles fought in Tunisia. This was fought right before Erwin Rommel surrendered and the Germans left North Africa. The battle that forced the Germans to retreat was at Tebaga Gap, which is a small gap between a large area of hills. The battle was won by the Allies because the New Zealanders used the “Left Hook” at Tebaga Gap.
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