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The famous Battle of Siffin might have taken place here. The outcome of the Battle of Siffin split apart all of Islam into Sunnis and Shiites. 'Ali marched from Kufa to meet Mu'awiya for battle and to secure his position as caliph. It ended in the "Arbitration at Adhruh" which weakened 'Ali's power. I believe it took place here because it happened near the Euphrates and past the border of modern Syria.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Siffin)