Ócsai TK - Duna-Ipoly NP (sitios de interés)
Descripción del sitio
| Ócsa Landscape Protection Area Territory of the protected area: 3 606 hectares, of which 1 466 hectares are under increased protection. Location: In Pest county, 30 kilometres to the south of Budapest, in the area encircled by the villages Ócsa, Dabas and Inárcs. Visitors: Except for the highly protected parts it is free of access for visitors. The degree of protection is indicated on signboards. Management: The Duna–Ipoly National Park The 'turjános' (the system of connected marshy, swampy lakes are called 'Turjánvidék' or 'turjános') marshes, boggy reeds, associations of wooded marshes, endemic plant and animal species of the Alföld once stretched on several hundreds of square kilometeres. The landscape protection area is one of the last remains and refuge of the natural and social environment of a once was world.  Though the difference of heights of the areas is negligible, as a result of diversified superficial forms, the plant associations are extremely rich, on which each phase of lake succession can be followed from open water surfaces, through marsh and moor associations emerging with the spreading of plants tied to the ground, then through alder-moors, willows even to arborescent associations. Open water surfaces can be found at lower lying places, in the canals of former mort-lakes and watercourses and in more recent canals. Their banks are lined by wide watery strips of reed-grass and reeds where the otherwise rare nettle (Urtica kioviensis) can still be found. A bit further away the next in line are the tall sedge, 'turjános' areas, then characteristic moor associations (the so called black bog-rush fen (Schoenus) moors) follow. Peat, the valuable combustible of moors has been exploited by locals for centuries, nevertheless the area of it reduced alarmingly only with spreading of agricultural fields and modern water control, therefore the majority of them are under high protection (e.g. the 'turjános of the Bika-rét). The purple moor-grass moors appear at drier places, the survival of which is ensured by the continuous intervention of man the user of the land – in harmony with nature –, because these areas would quickly be overtaken by grey sallow (Salix cinerea) if regular use of meadows would not prevent that. Still several orchid species live in these fresh meadows and this is where the lilyleaf (ladybell) (Adenophora liliifolia) the valuable relict species from the ice age is waiting for better days. In the the aldermoor associations mixed with the rare and valuable ash sp. (Fraxinus pannonica), the alders have grown a system of prop roots ('legged' alder). On the higher surfaces the oak-elm-ash (Quercus-Ulmus-Fraxinus) gallery forest appears, the last element of the ecological succession, of which undergrowth provides habitat for charcteristic mountain species (may lily /Maianthemum bifolium/, European ginger /Asarum europaeum/, yellow dead-nettle /Lamium galeobdolon/). The fauna of the area is also very rich. An extremely rich insect fauna was found by experts in the ground of alderwood forests. The little rare fen wainscot still lives in the Öregturján in Ócsa (which together with the T?zegbánya lakes /peat-mining/ are protected areas of international significance), as well as the false ringlet, a relict from the ice age living only here in Hungary. The European pond tortoise is a common sight, but the very rare species of moors the European mud-minnow also lives here as well as the viviparous lizard, which is a relict, too. The most precious species of the avifauna are the Montagu's harrier, the curlew, the corncrake, the roller, the grasshopper warbler, the red-footed falcon, the hobby and the bittern. Accomodating to the natural environment man living here established a characteristic lifestyle, occupations and tools creating a valuable landscape with his everyday activities. Besides its natural and lanscape elements the landscape protection area also preserves culrural relics. The 13th century Romanesque style church with two towers in Ócsa is far-famed, although the church was rebuilt after a destruction by fire, therefore the original building is hardly recognisable. The superb listed cottages around the church of the historic old village have preserved their old structure and form. There is a village museum in one of them which houses a nice collection of folk costumes, tools and customs of the region. The almost a hundred year old wooden grave-posts in the reformed part of the cemetery belonging to the old village are also protected. The almost two hundred year old row of protected cellars in the vineyard on the old hill, on the boundary of the 'turjános' and the sanded areas is also a fascinating sight. The lasting hatch, gabled, or pincer-like structures are also applied when building new cellars, too. http://www.foek.hu/zsibongo/termve/tk/angtk/ocsa.htm |